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Clarify the forming mechanism and affecting factors of defects in semi-stationary shoulder bobbin tool friction stir welding

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Abstract

Different defects of the upper stationary shoulder bobbin tool friction stir welding (SSUBTFSW) were identified in this study, and the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian model of SSUBTFSW was used to illustrate the forming mechanism of groove defect. Defects can be classified into groove, crack, and flash, which form simultaneously under excessive heat, while only the groove appears under lower heat during processing. There is a layered asymmetrical material flow from lower to upper surfaces, leading to a groove at the edge of the probe on the advancing side of the joint. Increasing rotation speed and decreasing welding speed reduce the groove defect to the point of elimination. The groove defect size goes through minimum value with the increase of the side tilt angle and the reactive forces of the upper stationary shoulder.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Quan Wen would like to acknowledge the China Scholarship Council (No. 201806290070) for the financial support.

Funding

China Scholarship Council,201806290070,quan wen. Project of Key Areas of Innovation Team in Shaanxi Province, 2024RS-CXTD-20.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State-Owned Sida Machinery Manufacturing Company, **anyang, 712203, China

    Wen Quan, Di **aogang, Ren Shouwei & Zhao **g

  2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, **’an, 710072, China

    Wen Quan & Li Wenya

  3. Institute of Materials Mechanics, Solid State Materials Processing, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany

    Klusemann Benjamin

Authors
  1. Wen Quan
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  2. Li Wenya
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  3. Di **aogang
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  4. Ren Shouwei
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  5. Zhao **g
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Correspondence to Li Wenya.

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Quan, W., Wenya, L., **aogang, D. et al. Clarify the forming mechanism and affecting factors of defects in semi-stationary shoulder bobbin tool friction stir welding. Weld World 68, 1783–1790 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-024-01707-7

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