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A Review on Liquefaction Potential Assessment with a Case Study on Roorkee Region, Uttarakhand

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Abstract

Comprehensive assessment of liquefaction potential is an important aspect of understanding the liquefaction susceptibility and risk of any region. In India, liquefaction potential assessment (LPA) was carried out as a part of seismic microzonation, and a lot of research work has been reported for major cities/regions. A review of LPA for major cities/regions in India was presented in this study for better understanding of the factors considered in the assessment. In addition, a comprehensive LPA considering the susceptibility, probability, and associated seismic risk on existing structures was evaluated for eight sites in Roorkee region, India. The factor of safety against liquefaction (FSL) and liquefaction potential index (LPI) are evaluated using existing standard penetration test (SPT) data. Also, liquefaction probability (PL) and post-liquefaction settlement (SL) are theoretically estimated to frame a comprehensive LPA. This study is the first of its kind to frame a comprehensive LPA considering both the susceptibility indices (FSL and PL) and liquefaction damage indices (LPI and SL). The results indicate that a high risk of liquefaction and surface manifestations are possible for the selected sites for considered seismic scenario. Fines content and the number of borehole layers are critical in influencing the resistance to liquefaction and surface manifestations. Estimation of SL from SPT N number and volumetric strain approach were found in good agreement with the interpretations obtained from the LPI values. It can be stated that for any design of structures against liquefaction, FSL must be higher than 1.20, as this can be evident from the available literature and the presented case study of Roorkee region.

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Acknowledgements

The fellowship to the first author from the Ministry of Education, Govt. of India, for his research work, is gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

Ministry of Education, Govt. of India, Fellowship to First Author, Gowtham Padmanabhan

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India

    Gowtham Padmanabhan & B. K. Maheshwari

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, 273010, India

    Pradeep Muley

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  1. Gowtham Padmanabhan
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  2. B. K. Maheshwari
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  3. Pradeep Muley
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Correspondence to B. K. Maheshwari.

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Padmanabhan, G., Maheshwari, B.K. & Muley, P. A Review on Liquefaction Potential Assessment with a Case Study on Roorkee Region, Uttarakhand. Indian Geotech J (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-024-00915-8

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