Abstract
We investigate magnetic properties of graphene oxide flake that have been locally oxidized using atomic force microscope (AFM) lithography. This approach reduces the possibility of magnetic contamination. Our Raman spectroscopy analysis reveals that the graphene oxide contains crystalline defects or disorders and differs from the pristine graphene in terms of its atomic structure. Using magnetic force microscopy measurements, we observe that the graphene oxide has a net magnetization pointing out of the surface plane. Furthermore, our magneto-optical Kerr effect data show small but clear hysteresis loops with non-zero remanent magnetization. We also conduct x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) photoemission electron microscope measurements and identify remarkable asymmetry in carbon K edge spectra, which strongly suggests that the observed ferromagnetic order in the graphene oxide layer is intrinsic. A careful analysis of XMCD signals depending on the oxidized condition reveals the effects of chemical states of carbon atoms on the formation of ferromagnetic order in the graphene oxide.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National R&D Programs (No. 2022R1A2C3004135 and No. 2021M3F3A2A01037740) and Nano·Material Technology Development Program (No. 2021M3H4A1A03054864) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science and ICT, and Korea Basic Science Institute (National research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2022R1A6C101A754). The authors thank Dr. Der-Hsin Wei and Chun-I Lu for their assistance with the PEEM measurement and providing the data. This work was partially supported by the use of the beamline 05B2 at Taiwan Light Source, NSRRC (National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center), for which we are grateful.
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Oh, D., Park, B.H., Lee, D.H. et al. Room-temperature ferromagnetism observed in graphene oxide. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 82, 786–792 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40042-023-00791-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40042-023-00791-0