SpringerLink
Log in

Energy Management in Power Distribution Network via Volt-VAr-Watt Control

  • ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
  • Published:
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The growing concern for exponential load growth, depletion of conventional energy resources, security threats, and environmental concerns are compelling the development of efficient energy management tricks and techniques. These concerns have shifted the paradigm of renewable-based generation. These renewable energy-based electricity generations are mostly integrated into the distribution network as distributed generations (DGs). Therefore, an analysis of the impacts of DG placement while implementing Volt-VAr control (VVC) has been executed through the simultaneous application of conservation voltage reduction (CVR), DG, capacitor banks (CBs), and distributed static compensator (D-STATCOM). The combined application is called Volt-VAr-Watt control (VVWC), and the effectiveness of this method of control has been verified using techno-economic gain. Further, the exponential load model has been considered rather than considering the simple static load model. Five distinct operating scenarios have been tested under the proposed scheme of VVWC with IEEE-33 and IEEE-69 node systems. Rao-1 algorithm is adopted to select the optimal location and capacity for DG, CB and D-STATCOM. Static capacitors and D-STATCOM have been used as VAr compensating devices, and their integration with CVR has been tested distinctly. The simulation results indicate that the improvised results are obtained for D-STATCOM compared to static capacitors. The findings show that the integrated method of CVR, DG and D-STATCOM results in a significant techno-economic gain with reduced overall power consumption, line flows and network losses compared to the other cases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

\({P}_{L}^{b},{P}_{L}^{a}\) :

Active power loss prior to and after compensation

\(\left|{I}_{m}\right|\) :

Magnitude of current flowing through the \({\text{m}}^{\text{th}}\) branch

\({R}_{m}\) :

Resistance of branch

\({N}_{br}\) :

Total no. of branch

\(n\) :

Total no. of nodes

\({S}_{D}\) :

Demand reduction

\({P}_{k}^{a}, {P}_{k}^{b}\) :

Active power demand at \({\text{k}}^{\text{th}}\) bus prior to and after the implementation of CVR

\({Q}_{k}^{a}, {Q}_{k}^{b}\) :

Reactive power demand at \({\text{k}}^{\text{th}}\) bus prior to and after the applying CVR

\({P}_{grid},{Q}_{grid}\) :

Active, reactive power supplied by grid

\({P}_{k},{Q}_{k}\) :

Active, reactive power demand at \({\text{k}}^{\text{th}}\) bus

\({P}_{0},{Q}_{0}\) :

Rated active, reactive power demand at \({\text{k}}^{\text{th}}\) bus

\({Q}_{cap}/{Q}_{DS}\) :

Reactive power supplied by capacitor/D-STATCOM

\({P}_{DG}\) :

Real power generated by DG

\({YEL}_{b , }{YEL}_{a}\) :

Yearly economic loss before and after compensation

\({C}_{e}\) :

Cost of energy ($/kWh)

\(H\) :

Time period (8760 hrs)

\({C}_{DG}\) :

Total cost of DG

\({L}_{DG}\) :

Life span of DG (years)

\({K}_{DG}\) :

Cost of DG electricity generation ($/kW)

\({C}_{DS}\) :

Total cost of D-STATCOM

\({K}_{DS}\) :

Cost of VAr supplied by D-STATCOM ($/kVAr)

\({L}_{DS}\) :

Life span of D-STATCOM (years)

\({C}_{cap}\) :

Total cost of capacitor

\({K}_{cap}\) :

Cost of VAr supplied by capacitor ($/kVAr)

\({L}_{cap}\) :

Life span of capacitor (years)

\({T}_{p}\) :

Tap position

\({V}_{k}\) :

Voltage of \({\text{k}}^{\text{th}}\) bus

\({V}_{n}\) :

Nominal value of voltage

\({V}_{k}^{min},{V}_{k}^{max}\) :

Lower, upper voltage of \({\text{k}}^{\text{th}}\) bus

\({k}^{p},{ k}^{q}\) :

Real, reactive power exponent of exponential load

References

  1. R. R. Jha, A. Dubey, Coordinated voltage control for conservation voltage reduction in power distribution systems, IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meet., vol. 2020-Augus, pp. 0–4, (2020)

  2. A. El-Shahat, R.J. Haddad, R. Alba-Flores, F. Rios, Z. Helton, Conservation voltage reduction case study. IEEE Access 8, 55383–55397 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. W. G. Sunderman, “Conservation voltage reduction system modeling, measurement, and verification,” Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Transm. Distrib. Conf., pp. 1–4, (2012)

  4. S. Satsangi, G.B. Kumbhar, Effect of load models on scheduling of VVC devices in a distribution network. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 12(17), 3993–4001 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. N. S. Lakra, B. Bag, Reduction in Power Consumption via Integration of CVR with Network Reconfiguration and VAr Control, 2021 IEEE 2nd International Conference On Electrical Power and Energy Systems ICEPES 2021, pp. 1–5, (2021)

  6. S.S.V. Mukherjee, A novel chaos-integrated symbiotic organisms search algorithm for global optimization. Soft Comput. 22, 3797–3816 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A.A. Abou El-Ela, R.A. El-Sehiemy, A.S. Abbas, Optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation and capacitor banks in distribution systems using water cycle algorithm. IEEE Syst. J. 12(4), 3629–3636 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. I.A. Mohamed, M. Kowsalya, Optimal size and siting of multiple distributed generators in distribution system using bacterial foraging optimization. Swarm Evol. Comput. 15, 58–65 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. D.B. Prakash, C. Lakshminarayana, Multiple DG placements in radial distribution system for multi objectives using whale optimization algorithm. Alexandria Eng. J. 57(4), 2797–2806 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. S.A. Taher, S.A. Afsari, Electrical power and energy systems optimal location and sizing of DSTATCOM in distribution systems by immune algorithm. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 60, 34–44 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R. K. Sahu, B. Bag, N. S. Lakra, Comparative Analysis of Optimal Capacitor Placement and D-STATCOM towards Power Consumption and Power Loss Minimization, 2022 2nd International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies. ICAECT 2022, pp. 1–6, (2022)

  12. B. Bag, T. Thakur, Energy management using volt/var control of end-use appliances without affecting their performances and lives. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 9(3), 035504 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. A.R. Gupta, A. Kumar, Optimal placement of D-STATCOM using sensitivity approaches in mesh distribution system with time variant load models under load growth. Ain Shams Eng. J. 9(4), 783–799 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. R. Prakash, Optimal Placement and Sizing of DG for Power Loss Minimization and VSI Improvement using Bat Algorithm, 2016 National Power Systems Conference, pp. 1–6.

  15. S. Sunny, P. Balaji, The better optimization technique for the placement of DG in order to reduce overall cost of power system. Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol. 2(5) (2013)

  16. V. B. M, Flower Pollination Algorithm Based Sizing and Placement of DG and D-STATCOM Simultaneously in Radial Distribution Systems, 2018 20th National Power Systems Conference, pp. 1–5, (2018)

  17. T.Y.K.R. Devabalaji, T. Sudhakar, Simultaneous allocation of DG and DSTATCOM using whale optimization algorithm. Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Electr. Eng. 44, 879–896 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. T. Yuvaraj, K. Ravi, K.R. Devabalaji, Optimal allocation of DG and DSTATCOM in radial distribution system using cuckoo search optimization algorithm. Model. Simul. Eng. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/28579265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Devi, M. Geethanjali, Electrical power and energy systems optimal location and sizing determination of distributed generation and DSTATCOM using particle swarm optimization algorithm. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 62, 562–570 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. A.F. Raj, A.G. Saravanan, An optimization approach for optimal location & size of DSTATCOM and DG bus injection to branch current. Appl. Energy 336, 120797 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. K. Alboaouh, S. Mohagheghi, S. Member, R. G. Harley, Voltage , Var and Watt Control in a Distribution System with High PV Penetration Using NSGA-III, 2018 Clemson University Power Systems Conference, pp. 1–8, (2018)

  22. V. V. V. S. N. Murty, A. k. Sharma, Optimal coordinate control of OLTC, DG, D‐STATCOM, and reconfiguration in distribution system for voltage control and loss minimization. Int. Trans. Electr Energ Syst. 29(3), e2752 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Kumar, K.K. Mandal, N. Chakraborty, Optimal DG placement by multi-objective opposition based chaotic differential evolution for techno-economic analysis. Appl. Soft Comput. J. 78, 70–83 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. E.A.L.I. Almabsout, A hybrid local search-genetic algorithm for simultaneous placement of DG units and shunt capacitors in radial distribution systems. IEEE Syst. J. 8, 54465–54481 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  25. S. Satsangi, G. B. Kumbhar, Energy Savings Estimation Considering Volt / VAr Optimization and Distributed Generation, 2019 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, pp. 87–92, (2019)

  26. R. V. Rao, Rao algorithms: Three metaphor-less simple algorithms for solving optimization problems. Int. J. Ind. Eng. Comput. 11(1), 107–130 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  27. D.Q. Hung, S. Member, N. Mithulananthan, S. Member, K.Y. Lee, Determining PV penetration for distribution systems with time-varying load models. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 29(6), 3048–3057 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Kumar, Optimal placement of different types of DG units considering various load models using novel multiobjective quasi-oppositional grey wolf optimizer. Soft Comput. 25(6), 4845–4864 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-020-05494-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. N. Smitha, L. Baidyanath, Energy management in distribution system using Volt—VAr optimization for different loading conditions. Process Integr. Optim. Sustain. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-021-00214-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, GEC Bilaspur, Bilaspur, India

    Rakesh Kumar Sahu

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, India

    Baidyanath Bag & Neha Smitha Lakra

Authors
  1. Rakesh Kumar Sahu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Baidyanath Bag
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Neha Smitha Lakra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rakesh Kumar Sahu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sahu, R.K., Bag, B. & Lakra, N.S. Energy Management in Power Distribution Network via Volt-VAr-Watt Control. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. B (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40031-024-01077-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40031-024-01077-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation