Abstract
To maintain the novelty of plant bioactive compounds within several formulations and to delimit usage of adulterants, suitable cultivable alternate substitutes for the same fessing identical medicinal attributes is being searched vigorously. Since enormous scientific validation is available regarding active principle embelin presence in plants under Myrsinaceae family; other Non-RET (rare, endangered and threatened) species viz. Ardisia solanacea Roxb. is aspired for isolation of embelin and allied associates like Quercetin, Epigallocatechin (EGC), Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) possibly as a new suitable substitute for Embelia ribes. Benzoquinone, embelin has wide medicament use and hence is excessively harvested from Myrsinaceae plants leading to population decrease and has to be validated from different sources. The present piece of research apportions with quantification of embelin and allied associates from Ardisia solanacea leaf and fruit parts through spectrophotometric and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) technique, which is the first case report on assessment of different compounds from leaf and fruit parts taking methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and hexane solvents. The results depicted highest embelin concentration (0.989 ± 0.02%), Quercetin (0.86 ± 0.1%), EGC (0.26 ± 0.01%) and EGCG (0.98 ± 0.01%) in methanol extracted fruit sample, while through UHPLC studies, highest embelin concentration (0.91 ± 0.003%), Quercetin (0.197 ± 0.09%), EGC (0.561 ± 0.004%) and EGCG (0.207 ± 0.08%) were found in chloroform extracted fruit sample. Thin Layer chromatography showed retention factor (Rf) at 0.351 with 97.88% accuracy for embelin. The study depicts suitable and precise method for embelin and allied associates validation from Ardisia solanacea, thereby making it suitable candidate for selection as an alternate against other RET species.
Graphical Abstract
![](http://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40011-024-01645-w/MediaObjects/40011_2024_1645_Figa_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40011-024-01645-w/MediaObjects/40011_2024_1645_Fig1_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40011-024-01645-w/MediaObjects/40011_2024_1645_Fig2_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs40011-024-01645-w/MediaObjects/40011_2024_1645_Fig3_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Nuthakki VK, Sharma A, Kumar A, Bharate SB (2019) Identification of embelin, a 3-undecyl-1, 4-benzoquinone from Embelia ribes as a multitargeted anti-Alzheimer agent. Drug Dev Res 80(5):655–665. https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.21544
Rahman MM, Khan AM (2013) Anti-cancer potential of South Asian plants. Nat Prod Bioprospect 3:74–88
Anjum B, Kumar R, Prakash O, Srivastava RM, Pant AK (2019) Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of Ardisia solanacea Roxb. Collected from Foot Hills of Uttarakhand. In: Conference: International conference on conservation and suitable use of high medicinal and aromatic plants for socio-economic development at: Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun
Mhaskar M, Joshi S, Chavan B, Joglekar A, Barve N, Patwardhan A (2011) Status of Embelia ribes Burm f. (Vidanga), an important medicinal species of commerce from northern Western Ghats of India. Current Sci 100(4):547–552
Basiouni S, Tellez-Isaias G, Latorre JD, Graham BD, Petrone-Garcia VM, El-Seedi HR, Sakine Y, El-Wahab AA, Visscher C, May-Simera HL, Huber C, Eisenreich W, Shehata AA (2023) Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative phytogenic substances against secret killers in Poultry: current status and prospects. Vet Sci 10(1):55. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010055
Lei J, **-Li H, Mu-Lan J, Yun-Gang Z, ** W (2013) Effect of Embelin on TRAIL receptor 2 mAb-induced apoptosis of TRAIL-resistant A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 14(10):6115–6120
Yukongphan P, Thitikornpong W, Palanuvej C, Ruangrungsi N (2013) The pharmacognostic specification of Ardisia elliptica fruits and their embelin contents by tlc image analysis compared to TLC densitometry. Bull Health Sci Technol 11(2):21–28
Saxena HO, Brahmam M (1995) The flora of Orissa, 3rd edn. Regional Research Laboratory & Orissa Forest Development Corporation Ltd, pp 1554–1556
Khamsah SM, Akowah G, Zhari I (2006) Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Orthosiphon st amineus Benth from different geographical origin. J Sustain Sci Manag 1:14–20
Rastogi S, Bhatia AK, Kushwaha A, Pandey MK, Sharma A, Prakash J (2014) Development and validation of a liquid chromatography method for determination of Embelin in crude extract of Embelia ribes. Asian J Biomed Pharm Sci 04:9–13
Thota SPR, Sarma NS, Murthy YLN (2016) A new embelin from the mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum. Indian J Chem 55B:123–127
Aytaç E, Sökmen M (2020) Selective isolation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea. Sep Sci Plus 3(7):321–329
Doshi GM, Une HD (2016) Quantification of Quercetin and Rutin from Benincasa hispida seeds and Carissa Congesta roots by high-performance thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacogn Res 8(1):37–42. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.171098
Kukkar R, Saluja AK, Shah UD (2010) Estimation of embelin and strychnine in krimimudgara rasa by HPTLC method. Int J Pharm Qual Assur 2:1–4
Vandana AS (2010) Comparison of TLC fingerprint profile of different extracts of Embelia ribes. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2:2438–2440
Belete Y, Debebe Y, Abebe A, Menberu T, Debella A (2014) Quantitative determination and optimization of extraction conditions for embelin in Embelia schimperi by UV-Vis spectrometry. J Drug Deliv Ther 4:10–13
Ferreria GM, Laddha KS (2013) Histochemical localization of embelin in fruits of Embelia ribes Burm and its quantification. Int J Pharm Biosci Tech 1:16–19
Mohapatra M, Basak UC (2021) Assessment of antioxidant activity of crude and purified bio-active compound, embelin in Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco: a less-explored mangrove plant. Indian J Pharm Educ Res 55(3):793–800
Caruso F, Paumier S, Rossi M (2017) X-ray crystal structure of embelin and its DFT scavenging of superoxide radical. J Comput Chem 39(18):1143–1148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.24915
Banerjee D, Chakrabarti S, Hazra AK, Banerjee S, Ray J (2008) Antioxidant activity and total phenolics of some mangroves in Sunderbans. Afr J Biotech 7:805–810
Roome T, Dar A, Naqvi A (2011) Evaluation of antinociceptive effect of Aegiceras corniculatum stems extracts and its possible mechanism of action in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol 135:351–358
Roome T, Dar A, Ali S, Naqvi S, Choudhary MI (2008) A study on antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective actions of Aegiceras corniculatum (stem) extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 118:514–521
Swami D, Fulzele D, Malpathak N (2017) Identification and quantification of Embelin by validated HPTLC method and confirmation by LC-MS from mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum L. J Chem Pharm Res 9:168–173
Al-Abd NM, Nor ZM, Mansor M, Zajmi A, Hasan MS, Azhar F, Kassim M (2017) Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Methanolic extract of Ardisia elliptica. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 7(6):569–576
Wong PL, Fauzi NA, Yunus SNM, Hamid NAA, Ghafar SZA, Azizan A, Zolkeflee NKZ, Abas F (2020) Biological activities of selected plants and detection of bioactive compounds from Ardisia elliptica using UHPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry. Molecules 25:3067. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133067
Oloke J, Odelade K, Oladeji O (2017) Characterization and antimicrobial analysis of flavonoids in Vernonia amygdalina: a common chewing stick in south-western Nigeria. Bull Pharm Res 7(3):149
Abd-Elsalam HA, Al-Ghobashy MA, Zaazaa HE, Ibrahim MA (2014) Stability of catechins in green tea nutraceutical products: application of solid phase extraction-thin layer chromatography densitometry. Food chem 156:94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.103
Kobayashi H, Mejıa ED (2005) The genus Ardisia: a novel source of health-promoting compounds and phytopharmaceuticals. J Ethnopharmacol 96(3):347–354
Murata M, Shimizu Y, Marugame Y, Nezu A, Fu**o K, Yamada S, Kumazoe M, Fujimura Y, Tachibana H (2020) EGCG down-regulates MuRF1 expression through 67-kDa laminin receptor and the receptor signaling is amplified by eriodictyol. J Nat Med 74(4):673–679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-020-01417-6
Buraphaka H, Puttha W, Putalun W (2022) Comparative evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of active compounds identified in Ardisia elliptica extracts from different plant parts. Chem Biodivers 19(2):e202100796. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202100796
Chen Y, Du K, Li J, Bai Y, An M, Tan Z, Chang YX (2018) A green and efficient method for the preconcentration and determination of gallic acid, bergenin, quercitrin, and embelin from Ardisia japonica using nononic surfactant genapol X-080 as the extraction solvent. Int J Anal Chem 2018:1707853
Zheng Y, Deng Y, Wu F (2004) Ardisinones A-E, novel diarylundecanones from Ardisia arborescens. J Nat Prod 67:1617–1619
Acknowledgements
The authors are highly thankful to the National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), Govt. of India, New Delhi, India, for providing financial support through Project Grant vide project no. R & D/OR-01/2017. The authors further declare that they have no conflict of interests
Funding
National Medicinal Plants Board, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, R, UDAY CHAND BASAK, D/OR-01/2017, UDAY CHAND BASAK
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Significance Statement: As a suitable substitute to RET Embelia ribes for embelin production used for several drug formulations with higher therapeutic potency, Ardisia solanacea Roxb is being evaluated through UHPLC method to assess embelin and other allied associates like Quercetin, Epigallocatechin and Epigallocatechin gallate.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Basak, U.C., Mohapatra, M. Qualitative Analysis of Few Bioactive Compounds from Ardisia solanacea Roxb., Odisha, India. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-024-01645-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-024-01645-w