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Different advanced oxidation processes for the abatement of pharmaceutical compounds

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Abstract

In the past two decades, with advancements in the detection technologies, researchers have shown concern over the detection of pharmaceuticals in water bodies. Pharmaceuticals are medicinal and biologically active compounds and their occurrence in environmental waters can lead to unanticipated toxic effects to both human and animal life. Significant risk from pharmaceuticals toward the aquatic life has been reportedly published. Pharmaceuticals are not completely degraded by conventional treatment facilities and at instances toxic metabolites are formed which pose a much severe threat than the parent compounds itself. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilize the powerful oxidizing potential of different radicals such as hydroxyl and sulfate to target the pharmaceutical compounds. AOPs have been found to be effective against pharmaceuticals. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with different AOPs such as generation of chemical sludge, intensive requirement of high energy, high cost considerations, and scalability issues. The present review describes the different chemical treatment technologies which are available to remove pharmaceutical compounds with special emphasis on findings from recent studies. It is also shown that different AOPs can be combined together to increase the removal of pharmaceuticals and mineralization efficiency.

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Abbreviations

WWTPs:

Wastewater treatment plants

AOPs:

Advanced oxidation processes

•OH:

Hydroxyl radical

TOC:

Total organic carbon

PS:

Persulfate

PMS:

Peroxymonosulfate

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  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    R. F. Waris & I. H. Farooqi

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Waris, R.F., Farooqi, I.H. Different advanced oxidation processes for the abatement of pharmaceutical compounds. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 2325–2338 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05127-w

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