SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of drought and salinity stresses on morphological and physiological characteristics of canola

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Environmental stresses such as salinity and drought are the most important factors affecting yield reduction and crops productivity. In order to investigate the effects of drought and salinity stresses on morphological and physiological characteristics of canola, an experimental campaign was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at greenhouse of Agriculture Research Center and Natural Resources of East Azarbaijan in 2014. Main plots were including drought stress at four levels (0, −4, −8 and −12 bar polyethylene glycol solution) and subplots including salinity stress at four levels of sodium chloride (0, 75, 150 and 225 mM). The results analysis of variance indicated that the interaction of drought and salinity stresses was significant on leaf area and relative water content of leaf. The most leaf area (383.03 cm−2) was obtained at non-stress treatments. The results showed that drought stress conditions led to significant reduction in relative water content in leaf. The highest proline (0.08 µm/g fresh weight) and soluble sugars (0.12 mg/g fresh weight) contents were observed at treatments of −12 bar polyethylene glycol. Also, the least proline (0.04 µm/g fresh weight) and soluble sugar (0.06 mg/g fresh weight) contents were achieved at treatments of drought non-stress.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmad I, Hellebust H (1988) The relationship between inorganic nitrogen metabolism and proline accumulation in osmoregulatory responses of two euryhaline microalgae. J Plant Physiol 88:348–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angadi SV, Cutforth HV (2003) Yield adjustment by canola grown at different by plant population under semiarid condition. Crop Sci 43:1357–1366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplast and polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashraf M, Harris PJC (2004) Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Sci 166:3–16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashraf M, McNeilly T (2004) Salinity tolerance in Brassica oilseeds. Plant Sci 23:157–174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bates L (1973) Rapid determination of free praline for water stress studies. J Plant Soil 39:205–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brugnoli E, Lauteri M (1991) Effect of salinity on stomatal conductance, photosynthetic capacity and carbon isotope discrimination of salt-tolerant (Gussypium hirsutum L.) and salt sensitive (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) C3-nonhalophytes. J Plant Physiol 95:628–635

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cha-um S, Kirdmanee C (2009) Effect of salt stress on proline accumulation, photosynthetic ability and growth characters in two maize cultivars. Pak J Bot 41:87–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Claussen W (2002) Growth, water use efficiency, and proline content of hydroponically grown tomato plants as affected by nitrogen source and nutrient concentration. Plant Soil 257:199–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FAO. food out look (2005) Globalomarket analysis. http://www.faofoodoutlook.com

  • Francis G, Jhon L, Jifon S, Micaela C, James PS (2002) Gas exchange, chlorophyll and nutrient contents in relation to NA and CL accumulation in “sunburst” mandarin grafted on different root stocks. Plant Sci 35:314–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh PK, Ajay K, Bavdyopadhyay G, Manna A, Mandal K, Hati KM (2004) Comprative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphocompost and fertilizer-NPK on three crop** system in vertisols of semiarid tropics. Dry matter yield, nodulation. Chlorophyll content and enzyme activity. Bioresour Technol 95:85–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Good A, Zaplachiniski S (1994) The effects of drought on free amino acid accumulation and protein synthesis in Brassica napus. Physiol Plant 90:9–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall AE (2001) Crop responses to environmental stresses. CRC Press, p 244. ISBN: 9780849310287

  • Heuer B (1994) Osmoregulatory role of proline in water stress and salt-stressed plants. In: Pessarkli M (ed) Handbook of plant and crop stress. Marcel Dekker Pub, New York, pp 363–481

    Google Scholar 

  • Ho S, Chao Y, Tong W, Yu S (2001) Sugar coordinately and differentially regulates growth and stress-related gene expression via a complex signal transduction network and multiple control mechanisms. Plant Physiol 46:281–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Irigoyen JJ, Emerich DW, Sanchez-Diaz M (1992) Water stress induced changes in concentration of praline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiol Plants 84:55–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jabari F, Ahmadi A, Poostini K, Alizadeh H (2006) Study of relationship of activities of some antioxidant enzymes with cell membrane stability and chlorophyll of drought-resistant and drought-sensitive bread wheat cultivars. J Agric Sci 2:307–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Javadipour Z, Movahhedi DM, Balouchi H (2012) Changes in the rate of proline, soluble sugars, glycinebetaine and protein content in leaves of six spring safflower (Carthamus tinctirius L.) under salinity stress. Plant Process Funct 1(2):13–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Y, Huang N (2001) Drought and heat stress injury to two cool season turf grasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Sci 41:436–442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasier MW (1992) Effect of water deficit on photosynthetic capacity. Plant Physiol 71:142–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaya MD, Okci G, Atak M, Cikili Y, Kolsarici O (2006) Seed treatment to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Eur J Agron 24:291–295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawlor DW, Cornic G (2002) Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant Cell Environ 25:275–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattioni C (1997) Water and salt stress–induced alterations in proline metabolism of Triticum durum seedlings. Plant Physiol 101:387–792

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Munns R (2002) Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environ 25:239–250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nabizadeh Marost MR (2002) Effects of salinity on yield, growth and solutes accumulation and oil essential of cumin. Master Thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

  • Neocleous D, Vasilakakis M (2007) Effects of NaCl stress on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. “Autumn Bliss”). Sci Hortic 112:282–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parida AK, Das AB (2005) Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 60:324–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patakas A, Nikolaou N, Zioziou E, Radoglou K, Noitsakis B (2002) The role of organic solute and ion accumulation in osmotic adjustment in drought-stressed grapevines. Plant Sci 163(2):361–374

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paul M, Hasegava A (1996) Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 51:436–499

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao MSS, Mendham NJ (1991) Soil–plant–water relations of oilseed rape (Brassica napus and B. campestris). J Agric Sci 117:197–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie SW, Nguyen HT, Haloday AS (1990) Leaf water content and gas exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Sci 30:105–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rozrokh M, SabaghpourArmin H, Asgharipour M (2012) The effects of drought stress on some biochemical traits in twenty genotypes of chickpea. Eur J Exp Biol 2(6):1980–1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghinejad AA, Modares Sanavi AM, Tabatabaii A, Modaes Vameghi M (2014) Effect of water deficit in growth different stages on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Water Soil Sci 24(2):53–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghipour O, Aghaei P (2012) Response of common bean to exogenous application of salicylic acid under water stress conditions. Adv Environ Biol 6(3):1160–1168

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serraj R, Sinclair TR (2002) Osmolyte accumulation: can it really help increase crop yield under drought condition? Plant Cell Environ 25:333–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slama I, Messedi D, Ghnaya T, Savoure A, Abdelly C (2006) Effects of water deficit on growth and proline metabolism in Sesuvium portulacastrom. J Environ Exp Bot 56:231–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turan MA, Awad Alkarim AH, Taban N, Taban S (2009) Effect of salt stress on growth, stomatal resistance, proline and chlorophyll concentrations on maize plant. J Aferi Agric Res 4:893–897

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson J, Zhang H, Allen RD (2003) Overexpression of an Arabidopsis peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase gene in tobacco increases protection against oxidative stress. Plant Cell Physiol 40:725–732

    Google Scholar 

  • Yari L, Modares MA, Sorushzade A (2005) The effect of foliar application of Mn and Zn on qualitative characters in five spring safflower cultivars. J Water Soil Sci 18:143–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Zafar S, Nasri M, Tohidi-Moghadam HR, Zahedi H (2014) Effect of zinc and sulfur foliar application on physiological characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under water deficit stress. Int J Biosci 5(12):87–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zayed MA, Elamry MI (2006) Effect of salinity, mineral ions and organic solutes contents on Vicia faba L. Pak J Biol Sci 9(8):1406–1410

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao GQ, Ma BL, Ren CZ (2007) Growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and ion content of naked oat in response to salinity. Crop Sci 47:123–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to fully thank all who contributed to conduct this work and supported it.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

    P. Sharif

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    M. Seyedsalehi

  3. Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy

    O. Paladino

  4. Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

    P. Van Damme

  5. Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    P. Van Damme

  6. Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Mikkeli , FI-50130, Finland

    M. Sillanpää

  7. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami , FL-33174, USA

    M. Sillanpää

  8. Department of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran

    A. A. Sharifi

Authors
  1. P. Sharif
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Seyedsalehi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. O. Paladino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. P. Van Damme
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. Sillanpää
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. A. A. Sharifi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. Sharif.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sharif, P., Seyedsalehi, M., Paladino, O. et al. Effect of drought and salinity stresses on morphological and physiological characteristics of canola. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 15, 1859–1866 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-017-1508-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-017-1508-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation