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Development of a deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method followed by back-extraction and diazotization coupled to spectrophotometry for determination of total primary aromatic amines from food simulants

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Abstract

In this research, a deep eutectic solvent-based vortex assisted-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method followed by back-extraction and diazotization coupled with microvolume spectrophotometry was developed. The method was applied to determine total primary aromatic amines (PAAs) in terms of aniline in polyamide cooking utensils and colored kitchenware samples. The novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was prepared by mixing bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate as hydrogen bond acceptor and butylparaben as hydrogen bond donor. Affecting factors on microextraction and back-extraction of the PAAs were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the calibration curve was linear ranged from5.0 to 500 µg L−1with a correlation coefficient of R2 ≥ 0.9979. The limit of detection was 1.5 µg L−1 based on S/N = 3. The intra-day (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 3) precisions at concentration levels of 20.0 and 200 µg L−1 were ≤ 8.5%. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed method was evaluated by testing polyamide cooking utensils, and colored kitchenware, and good recoveries (between 90.0 and 99.0%) were obtained. The results showed that, as expected, polyamide cooking utensils had high levels of PAAs (11.2–65.2 µg L−1), while the migration rate of PAAs from the colored kitchenware was less than method LOQ.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the support from the Iran National Science Foundation Fund (98008082).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food, Halal and Agricultural Products Research Group, Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), P.O. Box 31745-139, Karaj, Iran

    Mohammad Faraji & Narges Salehi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jiroft, P. O. Box 7867161167, Jiroft, Iran

    Mahboube Shirani

  3. Food Toxicology Research Group, Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), P.O. Box 31745-139, Karaj, Iran

    Masoumeh Mahmoudi-Maymand

Authors
  1. Mohammad Faraji
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  2. Narges Salehi
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  3. Mahboube Shirani
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  4. Masoumeh Mahmoudi-Maymand
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Correspondence to Mohammad Faraji.

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Faraji, M., Salehi, N., Shirani, M. et al. Development of a deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method followed by back-extraction and diazotization coupled to spectrophotometry for determination of total primary aromatic amines from food simulants. J IRAN CHEM SOC 19, 3539–3548 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02548-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02548-1

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