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Characterization of Radiochromic Hydrogel Dosimeter-Ferrous Xylenol Orange Enhanced to Have a Higher Melting Point

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Abstract

Ferrous xylenol orange (FXO) radiochromic gelatin gel dosimeter has the potential to provide tridimensional dosimetry for the assessment of new technologies of treatment in radiotherapy. However, one problem with the present formulations of these gels is the low melting point of the gelatin matrix. To solve this problem, formaldehyde was added to this gel dosimeter to promote crosslinking in the gelatin matrix, thus increasing the melting point. Five different formulations of FXO gel were tested, the best melting point temperature found was 62 °C or higher, and the 0.210 mm2/hr of diffusion rate was obtained on the 8% gelatin with 3% formaldehyde, 75% lower than original formulation. To provide clinical uses of these dosimeters, this work deals with the dosimetric characterization of modified FXO. No energy dependence was found when irradiated with 6 MV and 15 MV beams; also, no dose rate dependence was found varying low to high dose rate, 100 to 1400 cGy/min. These characteristics allow this dosimeter to useful for clinical context.

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Acknowledgements

We also acknowledge L. Rocha and C. Brunello for technical assistance and Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, and Hospital do Amor, Barretos, SP, Brazil, for the use of their irradiation facilities. The help of the medical physicists G. Pavan and L. Borges of these institutions is greatly appreciated.

Funding

This work was supported by grants 2014/03370–6 and 2013/07699–0, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP); CNPq Grant 304107/2019–0; and CAPES—Finance Code 001 for partial financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Física, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Matheus Antonio da Silveira, Juliana Fernandes Pavoni & Oswaldo Baffa

  2. Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada

    Kevin Jordan

  3. London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada

    Kevin Jordan

Authors
  1. Matheus Antonio da Silveira
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  2. Juliana Fernandes Pavoni
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  3. Kevin Jordan
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  4. Oswaldo Baffa
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Contributions

Conceptualization, M.A.d.S., J.F.P. and O.B.; Methodology, M.A.d.S., J.F.P., k.J. and O.B.; Software, M.A.d.S.; Validation, M.A.d.S., J.F.P., k.J. and O.B.; Formal analysis, M.A.d.S.; Investigation, M.A.d.S., J.F.P., k.J. and O.B.; Resources, M.A.d.S., J.F.P. and O.B.; Data curation, M.A.d.S.anf K.J.; Writing—original draft preparation, M.A.d.S.; Writing—review and editing, M.A.d.S., J.F.P., k.J. and O.B.; Visualization, K.J.; Supervision, J.F.P., k.J. and O.B.; Project administration, J.F.P., and O.B.; Funding acquisition, J.F.P. and O.B.

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Correspondence to Matheus Antonio da Silveira.

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da Silveira, M.A., Pavoni, J.F., Jordan, K. et al. Characterization of Radiochromic Hydrogel Dosimeter-Ferrous Xylenol Orange Enhanced to Have a Higher Melting Point. Braz J Phys 54, 168 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-024-01521-y

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