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Co-exposure of monocrotophos and ethanol synergistically induced cytotoxicity in keratinocytes and alveolar epithelium cells

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Abstract

Objectives

To compare the effects of MCP and ethanol co-exposure on cytotoxicity in nourished and malnourished keratinocytes and lung alveolar epithelial cells.

Methods

Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell cycle analysis, and micronuclei assays were performed on A549 and HaCaT cells after co-treatment with MCP and ethanol. The MCP and Ethonal interaction coefficients were used to categorize the interactions as synergistic, additive, or antagonistic.

Results

MCP-100 µM and Eth-100 mM Co-exposure elicited ROS 41.7% in A549, 45.6% in HaCaT, and half in independent exposure. These cells under serum-deprived conditions exhibited ROS 48.2% in A549 serum deprived medium (SD) and 52.8% in HaCaT (SD). MCP-100 µM and Eth- 100 mM exposure resulted in G0 arrest at 19.0% in A549 and 31.68% in HaCaT in complete medium, while it was 36.96% in the serum-deprived condition in A549 and 43.81% HaCaT cells.

The co-concentration of MCP-100 µM + Eth-100 mM shown a significant (p < 0.001) increase in micronuclei in A549 (28.60%) and HaCaT (31.42%) cells under complete nutrient conditions. However, the same exposure under serum-deprived conditions exhibited micronuclei formation (37.90%) in A549 and (42.84%) in HaCaT cells, respectively.

Conclusion

The present study revealed that MCP and ethanol co-exposure synergistically induced cytotoxicity in the skin and lung epithelial cells under nutrient-deprived conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Director, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow, India for providing the facility to conduct the experiments. The authors would also like to thank Dr. A. B. Pant, Senior Principal Scientist, CSIR-IITR in Lucknow, India for thoroughly reviewing the experimental work executed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, BBD College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India

    Puneet Khare, Anumesh Kumar Pathak & Lakshmi Bala

  2. CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India

    Puneet Khare

  3. Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India

    Anumesh Kumar Pathak

  4. Food Toxicology Division, Food, Drug, and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India

    Vipendra Kumar Singh

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Correspondence to Lakshmi Bala.

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Puneet Khare, Anumesh Kumar Pathak, Vipendra Kumar Singh and Lakshmi Bala declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Khare, P., Pathak, A.K., Singh, V.K. et al. Co-exposure of monocrotophos and ethanol synergistically induced cytotoxicity in keratinocytes and alveolar epithelium cells. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci. 14, 327–338 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-022-00146-5

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