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Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus following SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report

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International Journal of Diabetes in Develo** Countries Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

Recent evidence indicates a potential link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and disturbances in glucose metabolism. Several cases of new-onset diabetes, including fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM), have been reported following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.

Methods and results

In this case report, we present the clinical course and outcomes of a middle-aged male who developed sudden hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient had no previous history of diabetes and no family history of this disease. Upon admission, the patient had a normal glycohemoglobin level, but the fasting and postprandial C-peptide levels were found to be extremely low, suggesting severe insulin deficiency. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of FT1DM. The patient was promptly treated with insulin therapy, leading to a rapid improvement in ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia. Despite the successful management of acute complications, the patient’s pancreatic beta cell function did not recover. As a result, the patient received treatment with insulin therapy after being discharged. The first follow-up visit revealed stable blood glucose control, but still with extremely low C-peptide levels.

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to the development of FT1DM. This case report raises awareness of early recognition and therapy for FT1DM during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Data availability

The author is committed to providing comprehensive clinical data to support this article, sourced exclusively from the Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nan**g Medical University. There will be no hesitation or reservation in presenting the data, ensuring its accuracy and reliability.

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Funding

This study was supported by Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province (WSN-336); Scientific Research Project of Health Commission in Jiangsu Province (LGY2020067); Scientific Research Project, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nan**g Medical University (TZKY20220110).

Author information

Author notes

  1. **nyuan Zhong and Shuqin Dong contributed equally to this work and should be considered as co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nan**g Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nan**g Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, 225300, China

    **nyuan Zhong, Ming Chen & Yu Lu

  2. Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China

    **nyuan Zhong

  3. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nan**g Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nan**g Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, 225300, China

    Shuqin Dong

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  1. **nyuan Zhong
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Contributions

**nyuan Zhong and Shuqin Dong were responsible for collecting, summarizing the case data, and drafting the manuscript. Ming Chen actively participated in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient in the ward, and also contributed to the conception and analysis of the paper. Yu Lu designed this article and made revisions to the manuscript. All authors made significant contributions to this article and have given their approval for the submitted version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu Lu.

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According to local legislation and institutional requirements, ethical review and approval are not required for research involving human participants. This case report has obtained written informed consent from the patient, ensuring their voluntary participation and protection of their rights.

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The author declares no competing interests.

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Zhong, X., Dong, S., Chen, M. et al. Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus following SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-024-01354-0

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