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Azadirachta indica seed powder–reinforced and nano sand–filled USPER membrane for oil/seawater separation

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Abstract

In situ methyl ethyl ketone peroxide–mediated free radial curing was used to synthesize a traditional Azadirachta indica seed (AIS) powder–reinforced and nano sand–filled unsaturated polyester resin (USPER) composite under various experimental settings. Different thermal characteristics (such as differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, colour map**, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, antimicrobial activities and water contact angle measurements were used to characterize the prepared USPER composite. The USPER composite’s various mechanical and physico-chemical characteristics were also studied. The usage of the USPER composite–based membrane for oil/seawater separation was studied. The USPER composite’s tensile strength revealed a 0.17 order of dependence at different percentage weight loadings of nano sand. The mechanical characteristics grew gradually as the concentration of nano sand rose. The highest water flux was calculated to be 62.5 L/m2/h with a 100% oil rejection efficiency. The outcomes were contrasted with the values from the literature.

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Data availability

There is no data used for this research work.

Abbreviations

AIS:

Azadirachta indica Seed

AR:

Arc resistance

CS:

Compression strength

DES:

Dielectric strength

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

Elong:

Elongation

FM:

Flexural modulus

IS:

Impact strength

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene fluoride

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TA:

Thermal ageing

T d :

Temperature at which TDS polymer degrades

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

T g :

Glass transition temperature

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

TS:

Tensile strength

USPER:

Unsaturated polyester resin

WA:

Water absorption

WCA:

Water contact angle

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely appreciate Dr. N. Sundararajan, Associate Professor, Department of English, KCET, Madurai, India, for the help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, 611 002, Tamil Nadu, India

    Manikandan Balakrishnan & Krishnamohan Sundaramoorthy

  2. Smart Polymer Research Lab, Department of Product Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India

    Anbarasan Ramasamy

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  1. Manikandan Balakrishnan
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Contributions

B. Manikandan carried out all the experiments and characterizations, R. Anbarasan performed the oil/seawater separation work and published this study article, while S. Krishnamohan provided overall guidance for the project.

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Correspondence to Manikandan Balakrishnan.

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Balakrishnan, M., Sundaramoorthy, K. & Ramasamy, A. Azadirachta indica seed powder–reinforced and nano sand–filled USPER membrane for oil/seawater separation. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05439-y

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