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Characterization of heat-treated biosilica from biomass waste fox tail millet husks and banana fiber reinforced epoxy composite

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Abstract

This research investigated the effect of adding heat-treated biosilica synthesized from fox tail millet husk on load bearing, thermal and water absorption behavior of banana-epoxy composite. The biosilica reinforcing material was extracted from the tail husks and heat treated in a box furnace. Further, the composites are prepared using hand layup method and tested in accordance to the American Society of Testing and Materials. According to results, the composite containing 2 vol. % of biosilica exhibited exceptional mechanical characteristics, including a tensile strength of 134 MPa, flexural strength of 231.64 MPa, compressive strength of 187.2 MPa, impact energy of 4.81 J, and hardness strength of 93. The enhancements are attributed to the robust connection established between the heat-treated biosilica and the composite matrix, enabling effective transmission of stress. In addition, the study thoroughly assessed the durability and fire safety of the composites. The findings showed that the inclusion of heat-treated biosilica improved the resistance to fire and decreased the flammability. Moreover, the 2 vol. % of biosilica reinforced composite demonstrated a notably low specific wear rate of 0.008 mm3/Nm and a coefficient of friction of 0.28 with a lower flame propagation speed of 7.2 mm/min. In addition, the composite containing 2 vol. % of biosilica exhibited controlled water absorption and a moderate water contact angle of 82°, suggesting a retained hydrophobicity. These findings highlight the considerable potential of eco-friendly composites for various applications, such as in the building, automotive, and aerospace sectors, where lightweight and high strength is required.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, India

    N. Nithyanandan

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India

    G. Gokilakrishnan

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science, Andhra Pradesh, India

    S. Manoj Kumar

  4. Product Development Department, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India

    S. Hanish Anand

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N. Nithyanandan and Gokilakrishnan G have undertaken the complete research. Manoj Kumar S and Hanish Anand S have provided supports in testing and manuscript drafting.

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Correspondence to N. Nithyanandan.

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Nithyanandan, N., Gokilakrishnan, G., Manoj Kumar, S. et al. Characterization of heat-treated biosilica from biomass waste fox tail millet husks and banana fiber reinforced epoxy composite. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05411-w

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