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Lignocellulosic biomass: synthesis of lignophenolic thermosets with simultaneous formation of composites reinforced by sugarcane bagasse fibers

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Abstract

Short sugarcane bagasse fibers, an agro-residue vastly produced worldwide, with Brazil being the leading producer, were used to reinforce brittle phenolic-type thermosets formed from resins synthesized using lignosulfonate to replace phenol. Glutaraldehyde, which has a lower vapor pressure than formaldehyde, was tested in the lignophenolic resin synthesis to improve the composite processability. Both composites, Glu-SLig (C) and For-SLig (C), formed from glutaraldehyde/sodium lignosulfonate and formaldehyde/sodium lignosulfonate resins, respectively, showed a higher impact and flexural strength than their respective non-reinforced thermosets. This may be attributed to the compatibility between the lignophenolic matrix and sugarcane bagasse fibers, indicated by their nearby free surface energy density dispersive component values. Glu-SLig(C) presented impact resistance (≅20%), flexural modulus (≅45%), and Tg values higher than For-SLig(C). Lignophenolic thermoset composites formed from a high volume of plant-based materials can be an excellent alternative to materials used in non-structural applications, such as rigid packaging and automotive interior parts.

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Funding

CNPq (National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development, Brazil): research productivity fellowship to E.F. (Process 309692/2017-2) and financial support (Process n° 403494/2021-4)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Macromolecular Materials and Lignocellulosic Fibers Group, Center for Research on Science and Technology of BioResources, São Carlos Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil

    Cristina Gomes da Silva, Bianca Groner Queiroz & Elisabete Frollini

  2. Federal University of Amazonas - Department of Physics, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

    Cristina Gomes da Silva

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  1. Cristina Gomes da Silva
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  2. Bianca Groner Queiroz
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Contributions

Cristina Gomes da Silva: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data Curation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Visualization

Bianca Groner Queiroz: Data Curation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Visualization

Elisabete Frollini: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Visualization, Project administration, Funding acquisition

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Correspondence to Elisabete Frollini.

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da Silva, C.G., Queiroz, B.G. & Frollini, E. Lignocellulosic biomass: synthesis of lignophenolic thermosets with simultaneous formation of composites reinforced by sugarcane bagasse fibers. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04809-2

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