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Development of sustainable epoxy composites using foxtail millet husk biosilica and basalt fibre for wind turbine blade applications

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Abstract

The purpose of this research was to formulate epoxy composites with basalt fibre and foxtail millet biosilica reinforcement for the use in horizontal and vertical wind turbine blade manufacturing. The study primarily focused on the effect of adding ceramic biosilica on mechanical, wear, flammability and thermal degradation behaviour when reinforcing with basalt fibre in epoxy resin. The biosilica particles were prepared via thermo-chemical process and silane surface-treated subsequently. The composites were developed using hand layup method and evaluated in accordance with the relevant American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) criteria. According to the results, the confirmation analysis confirmed the biosilica formation with via FTIR and XRD analysis. The size of biosilica produced was between 10 and 15 nm. It is further noted that the maximum values for tensile, flexural, compression, ILSS and Izod impact for composite designation EBB2 are 147 MPa, 182 MPa, 155 MPa, 27.1 MPa and 5.85 J. The SEM fractographs revealed highly reacted phases of biosilica as well as basalt fibre. It is further noted that the composite designation EBB3 has the lowest sp. wear loss of 0.0110 mm3/Nm and coefficient of friction (COF) of about 0.266. Moreover, the EBB3 composite designation also exhibits improved thermal degradation stability among all composite designations with a lowest combustion rate of 5.26 mm/min. Such improved load bearing effect, resistance to wear and thermally stable sustainable composites could be employed as working material for wind turbine applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India

    Shenbagaraman S

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, 600089, India

    B. K. Gnanavel

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  1. Shenbagaraman S
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Shenbagaraman S.—research.

B. K. Gnanavel—research, testing and drafting.

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Correspondence to Shenbagaraman S.

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S, S., Gnanavel, B.K. Development of sustainable epoxy composites using foxtail millet husk biosilica and basalt fibre for wind turbine blade applications. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04656-1

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