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Design and development of solar-electrical hybrid dryer and its performance evaluation using shrimps

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Abstract

A solar-electrical hybrid dryer (SEHD) of 10 kg capacity was designed and developed for drying of fishery products under controlled and hygienic conditions. SEHD consisted of a drying chamber with total drying area of 3.06 m2, solar air collector, electric heating coil, blower, exhaust fans, temperature sensor, and control panels. Fabrication of dryer was done using stainless steel (SS 304) for cabinet and drying trays, galvanized iron for the frame, MS angle frame for support, polyurethane foam and aluminum foil for insulation of drying chamber, and glazing and fiber boards for outer covering and structure. SEHD is designed to utilize solar energy for drying and is supplemented with 750 W electric heating coil to operate during off-sunshine hours. The shrimp moisture content reduced from 80.05% (w.b.) to 14.38% (w.b.) in 6 h in SEHD. The maximum collector temperature obtained during the experiment was 64.4°C with an average incident radiation of 710 W/m2. The collector efficiency was found to be 37.39%. The drying efficiency of 28.65% was observed in SEHD. The exergy efficiency of the drying chamber and solar air collector was estimated to be 28.57 and 62.50%, respectively. The energy payback period of the designed SEHD was found to be 0.58 years, with a sustainability index of 1.4. The economic payback period was estimated to be 0.73 years.

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Data availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available with the authors and will be made available upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

M:

Weight of shrimp to be dried (kg)

M w :

Amount of moisture to be removed (kg)

M i :

Initial moisture content (% w. b.)

M f :

Final moisture content (% w. b.)

Q:

Heat energy requirement (kJ)

C p(air) :

Specific heat of air (kJ/kg°C)

C pw :

Specific heat of water (kJ/kg°C)

∆T:

Temperature difference between ambient and drying temperature (°C)

∆Tca :

Temperature difference between collector output and ambient air temperature (°C)

λ:

Latent heat of vaporization (kJ\kg)

m a :

Total mass of air required (kg)

ṁ:

Mass flow rate of air (kg/s)

P:

Pressure (kPa)

R:

Ideal gas constant (kPa.m3/kg)

T:

Drying temperature (°K)

V a :

Total volume of air required (m3)

V ra :

Total volume of air required per hour (m3/h)

D t :

Drying time (h)

A c :

Area of solar collector (m2)

M t :

Moisture content at any time of drying (% w. b.)

M e :

Equilibrium moisture content (% w. b.)

I t :

Intensity of solar radiation (W/m2)

β:

The angle of inclination of the collector or the tilt angle

φ:

The latitude angle of the location

U f :

Uncertainty in the results

INR:

Indian Rupees

USD:

US dollar

Ex :

Exergy

Ex i :

Exergy input

Ex o :

Exergy output

Ex loss :

Exergy loss

η Ex :

Exergy efficiency

T a :

Ambient temperature (°K)

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Director, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, for providing the necessary facilities for the research work. We also express our gratitude to the staff of the engineering workshop for their help and support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, CIFT Junction, Willingdon Island, Matsyapuri P.O, Cochin, Kerala, 682 029, India

    F. Maria Cisni, K. C. Neethu, S. Murali, D. S. Aniesrani Delfiya & George Ninan

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  1. F. Maria Cisni
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  2. K. C. Neethu
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  3. S. Murali
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  4. D. S. Aniesrani Delfiya
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All authors have participated in (a) conception and design, or analysis and interpretation of the data; (b) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (c) approval of the final version.

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Correspondence to K. C. Neethu.

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Highlights

• A solar-electrical hybrid dryer of 10 kg capacity was designed and developed for drying shrimp and other fishery products.

• The hybrid dryer had an auxiliary electric heating coil as supplementary heat source.

• Solar-electrical hybrid mode took 6 h to dry the shrimp from a initial moisture content of 80.05 to 14.38 (% w. b.).

• The drying efficiency of the solar-electrical hybrid dryer was found to be 28.65%.

• This solar-electrical hybrid design is found to be the modest, ideal, and economical and fulfilled the requirements of small-scale drying.

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Cisni, F.M., Neethu, K.C., Murali, S. et al. Design and development of solar-electrical hybrid dryer and its performance evaluation using shrimps. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04651-6

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