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Conversion of wheat bran into fermentable sugars using deep eutectic solvent pretreatment in a high-pressure reactor

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Abstract

In the present work, a systematic study has been performed to optimize the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (wheat bran (WB)) to maximize fermentable sugar content by using an effective combination of high-pressure and deep eutectic solvents (DES). First, DES type and molar ratios were compared to determine the most suitable condition for the pretreatment at high-pressure reactor (HPR). This was performed with a two-stage pretreatment. WB samples were mixed with choline chloride (ChCl):glycerol and ChCl:acetic acid at different molar ratios (1:2, 1:4, and 1:6) and treated at 80 °C for 24 h in a water bath (conventional DES treatment). Then, DES-applied biomass was mixed with 1.99% (v/v) sulphuric acid solution at 121 °C in an autoclave for 1 min. ChCl:glycerol (1:2 molar ratio) and ChCl:acetic acid (1:2 molar ratio) provided the highest fermentable sugar concentrations (FSCs), 72.54 and 69.77 g/L, respectively . Therefore, the experiments in the high-pressure reactor (HPR) were continued with the aforementioned DES types. The effects of temperature (T, 100–150 °C), time (t, 20–40 min) and liquid-to-solid ratio (LSR, 4–10 w/w) on the FSCs in the HPR were examined using Box–Behnken Design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). FSC and total phenolic substance concentration (TPC) were selected as dependent variables. In addition, the levels of sugars (glucose, xylose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and arabinose) and furans (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) in the samples were also measured after the pretreatment. Based on the results, the optimal pretreatment conditions were found as 130 °C, 27 min and 4 w/w liquid-to-solid ratio with ChCl: glycerol (1:2). Under optimal conditions, FSC and TPC were 75.43 g/L and 0.41 g GA/L. The results showed that DES pretreatment in the HPR is a promising technology that can be successfully implemented for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass resulting in high sugar yields.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Akdeniz University Research Foundation [Grant number #FBA-2023-6253]. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey

    Hatice Gozde Hosta Yavuz, Ibrahim Yavuz & Irfan Turhan

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey

    Hatice Gozde Hosta Yavuz

  3. Department of Food Engineering, Ankara University, 06830, Ankara, Turkey

    Asli Isci Yakan

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Contributions

All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by HGHY, IY, AIY and IT. The first draft of the manuscript was written by HGHY, and all the authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript. Hatice Gozde Hosta Yavuz: writing-original draft, visualization and investigation. İbrahim Yavuz: conceptualization, ınvestigation and resources. Asli İsci Yakan: writing—review and editing, resources and methodology. Irfan Turhan: writing—review and editing, resources, supervision, conceptualization and methodology.

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Correspondence to Irfan Turhan.

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The original online version of this article was revised: Due to incorrect format of the first author's name Hatice Gozde Hosta Yavuz.

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Hosta Yavuz, H.G., Yavuz, I., Yakan, A.I. et al. Conversion of wheat bran into fermentable sugars using deep eutectic solvent pretreatment in a high-pressure reactor. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04457-6

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