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Estimation of heating value of solid alcohol fuel based on recycled waste cooking oil

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Abstract

Waste cooking oil (WCO) may be recycled to produce solid alcohol fuel (SAF). The higher heating value (HHV) of recycled WCO, its micromorphology and physicochemical characteristics, and the possibility of employing SAF as a candle warmer were all explored in this work. Original waste cooking oil (O-WCO) was separated into two components by high-speed centrifugation: the supernatant of WCO (S-WCO) and the bottom of WCO (B-WCO). The mixed fatty acid sodium salts (FASSs) were created during the manufacture of SAF based on B-WCO. The best conditions for heating value of SAF based on B-WCO were 0.2 wt.% alcohol, 0.0275 wt.% NaOH, 0.7725 wt.% B-WCO, and a reaction time of 45 min. SAF based on B-WCO had a greater heating value than control groups such as SAF based on O-WCO, S-WCO, butter, and fossil fuels including coal, coke, charcoal, and carbon. The heating value of SAF based on B-WCO was similar to that of natural gas, and it can be used as a new solid fuel or a green energy source, such as a candle warmer, with many advantages such as higher melting point, environmentally friendly fuel, no harmful gases, longer combustion time, small residue, no dark smoke, ease of packing, perfectly hygienic, no need to heat, smoothness in quality, convenience in use, and easy transport and storage. In this article, the Support Vector Regression (SVR) machine learning method is used and an attempt is made to measure the importance of input parameters by predicting this artificial intelligence method. According to the prediction accuracy of the higher heating value of the biomass, the inputs’ influence was determined on the higher heating value. According to the obtained results, fixed carbon has correlation coefficient of 0.8446, volatile matter has correlation coefficient of 0.8949, and ash has correlation coefficient of 0.9214.

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Abbreviations

WCO:

Waste cooking oil

SAF:

Solid alcohol fuel

HHV:

Higher heating value

O-WCO:

Original waste cooking oil

S-WCO:

Supernatant of WCO

B-WCO:

Bottom of WCO

SVR:

Support vector regression

FTIR:

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscope

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Priština, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia

    Nebojsa Denic

  2. Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism Vrnjacka Banja, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Marija Paunovic

  3. Faculty of Economy, University of Priština, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia

    Krsto Jaksic

  4. Pedagogical Faculty in Vranje, University of Niš, Partizanska 14, 17500, Vranje, Serbia

    Dalibor Petković

  5. Economic Faculty in Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Segedinski put 9-11, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Sanel Mehmedi

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  1. Nebojsa Denic
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  2. Marija Paunovic
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  4. Dalibor Petković
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Dalibor Petkovic wrote the article.

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Correspondence to Dalibor Petković.

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Denic, N., Paunovic, M., Jaksic, K. et al. Estimation of heating value of solid alcohol fuel based on recycled waste cooking oil. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 7995–8002 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02845-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02845-y

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