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Enhanced production of non-edible Xanthium spinosum-based biodiesel using waste biomass under dynamic conditions

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Abstract

Biodiesel is considered a suitable substitute and eco-friendly energy source. It is produced from renewable sources. Second-generation feedstocks are gaining attention due to their availability in many parts of the world. The non-edible biomass reduces food competition in the market. The Xanthium spinosum is one of the unexplored non-edible biomass, which contains a high content of linoleic acid in its seeds. In this research, the potential of seed oil for methyl ester production has been analysed. It possesses a higher oil content of 35.30 ± 0.10 wt%. The total lipid and linoleic acid content of the seeds were found to be 35 and 32.11 wt%. The fuel properties of a Xanthium spinosum proved its potentiality as a biodiesel feedstock. To test the potential, the oil was converted into the methyl ester via transesterification with a yield of 93%. The different fuel properties like density, cetane number (CN), flash point, pour point and cloud point were in accordance with internationally recognised biodiesel standards and showed its better quality compared to others accounted biodiesel. As an alternative renewable energy source for biodiesel production, the oil from Xanthium spinosum biomass has the potential to be used as a greener, cleaner and sustainable approach.

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Funding

The authors would like to acknowledge the project “Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory – SPIL funded by EU CZ Operational Programme Research and Development, Education, Priority1: Strengthening capacity for quality research” (Grant No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000456). The project LTACH19033 “Transmission Enhancement and Energy Optimised Integration of Heat Exchangers in Petrochemical Industry Waste Heat Utilisation”, under the bilateral collaboration of the Czech Republic and the People’s Republic of China (parteners **’an Jiaotong University and Sinopec Research Institute Shanghai; SPIL VUT, Brno University of Technology and EVECO sro, Brno), programme INTER-EXCELLENCE, INTER-ACTION of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Punjab, Pakistan

    Saira Asif

  2. Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Saira Asif, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš & Awais Bokhari

  3. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Computing, Engineering & Technology, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Muhammad Mubashir & Jacqueline Lukose

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan

    Sidra Saqib & Awais Bokhari

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Ahmad Mukhtar

  6. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Apurav Krishna Koyande & Pau Loke Show

  7. School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, **amen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Kit Wayne Chew

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  1. Saira Asif
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  2. Muhammad Mubashir
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  10. Pau Loke Show
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Asif, S., Mubashir, M., Klemeš, J.J. et al. Enhanced production of non-edible Xanthium spinosum-based biodiesel using waste biomass under dynamic conditions. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01804-3

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