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A Study of the Effects of a Lateral Intake’s Positions on the Flow Pattern Around a Bridge Pier in a 180° Bend Using SSIIM2

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Abstract

This study explored the effects of different intake positions at 45° and 90° intake angles in a 180° mild bend upon the flow pattern around a circular bridge pier using the SSIIM2 software program. Two turbulence models, the standard k–ɛ and the k–ɛ RNG, were used for numerical data validation against experimental results. Results indicated that the k–ɛ RNG turbulence model enjoyed a greater precision than the standard k–ɛ turbulence model. For all intake positions, the streamlines in the main channel, the velocity values, the average secondary flow power and the shear stress remained almost the same after the intake angle was changed from 45° to 90°. However, the streamlines in the intake channel were different. The average secondary flow power increased by about 41.2% with the intake placed in the second half of the bend compared to the first half, and it increased by 17.6% when the intake was placed in the 115° position and no piers were involved.

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Abbreviations

\(\frac{{R_{{\text{c}}} }}{B}\) :

The relative curvature radius

\(B\) :

The channel width

\(R_{{\text{c}}}\) :

The central radius

Φ:

The intake position

θ :

The angle of the intake channel

d :

The pier diameter

\(\delta_{ij}\) :

Kronecker delta

\(\rho\) :

Fluid density

\(P\) :

Total pressure

\(U\) :

The velocity components

\(\upsilon_{T}\) :

Vortex viscosity

\(\upsilon\) :

The kinematic viscosity

\(k\) :

The turbulence flow kinetic energy

\(\varepsilon\) :

The turbulent flow kinetic energy loss

\(Q\) :

The flow rate

\(y\) :

The flow depth

\(V_{m}\) :

The average flow velocity in the bend without pier

\(S_{xy}\) :

The secondary intensity

\(K_{{{\text{lateral}}}}\) :

The kinetic energy of the lateral flow

\(K_{{{\text{total}}}}\) :

The kinetic energy of the main stream

\(\tau_{{{\text{b}}^{\prime } }}\) :

The average shear stress in the bend without pier

\(\tau_{{\rm b}}\) :

The shear stress

\(\theta^{\prime }\) :

The angles from the beginning of the bend

\(u\) :

The tangential velocity

\(v\) :

The radial velocity

\(w\) :

The vertical velocity

\(Z_{i}^{{{\text{num}}}}\) :

Results of the numerical

\(Z_{i}^{{{\text{exp}}}}\) :

Results of the experiment

\(N\) :

Number of data

MAE:

The mean absolute error

RMSE:

The root mean square error

\(R^{2}\) :

The coefficient of determination

\(y^{ + }\) :

The ratio between turbulent and laminar influences in a cell

\(u^{*}\) :

The shear velocity of the wall

\(i\) :

Index for x-direction

\(j\) :

Index for y-direction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Shahid Mahini St, Bushehr, Iran

    Fariba Niknezhad

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

    Amin Mahmoudi & Mohammad Vaghefi

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  1. Fariba Niknezhad
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Correspondence to Amin Mahmoudi.

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Niknezhad, F., Mahmoudi, A. & Vaghefi, M. A Study of the Effects of a Lateral Intake’s Positions on the Flow Pattern Around a Bridge Pier in a 180° Bend Using SSIIM2. Arab J Sci Eng 48, 12903–12929 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-07617-y

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