Abstract
We investigate the relative importance of spring sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in different Indian Ocean (IO) domains, especially the northern and southern IO, for the development and intensity of the Asian summer monsoon. By performing unsupervised neural network analysis, the self-organizing map, we extract distinct patterns of springtime IO SST. The results show that the uniform warming (cooling) of the southern IO plays a crucial role in the warming (cooling) of both the basin-wide IO and tropical IO. The southern IO thus well represents the associations of basin-wide IO and tropical IO with the Asian summer monsoon, and is instrumental in the relationship between the IO and summer monsoon. A warming in the southern IO is closely related to the weakening of large-scale meridional monsoon circulation in May and summer (June–August), including suppression of the South Asian monsoon development in May and the East Asian monsoon in summer. On the other hand, a warming in the northern IO appears to be associated with an earlier South Asian monsoon onset and a stronger East Asian monsoon. In summer, the connection of the springtime IO SST with the South Asian monsoon weakens, but that with the East Asian monsoon strengthens. Finally, a robust negative correlation is found between the warming of various IO domains and the development and intensity of the Southeast Asian monsoon.
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We would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments and suggestions for improving the overall quality of this article. The MiniSom package is provided by Vettigli (2018) and is available at https://github.com/JustGlowing/minisom/.
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Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42088101), Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2020B0301030004), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies (2020B1212060025), and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change.
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Chen, K., Yang, S. Relationships between Springtime Sea Surface Temperatures in Different Indian Ocean Domains and Various Asian Monsoons from Late Spring to the Following Summer. J Meteorol Res 37, 307–323 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-023-2156-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-023-2156-0