Abstract
Structural health monitoring has potential to become a central tool to be used in the field of civil engineering. A proper monitoring strategy allows one to assess long-term structural behavior, schedule maintenance, and ensure occupant safety. Although monitoring of civil structures is a rapidly growing field, very little literature exists regarding the long-term monitoring of complex high-rise structures and the associated monitoring strategies. The Pinnacle@Duxton is a public residential housing development in Singapore. It is a complex structure consisting of seven 50-story high-rise buildings connected with link bridges at floors 26 and 50. Long-gauge fiberoptic strain sensors are installed in all seven buildings and 4 of the 12 bridges. Building sensors were embedded in the first-floor concrete columns during construction, and sensing data were available from the onset of construction into the service life of the structure. Bridge sensors were surface mounted immediately after the bridge construction, and provide data during their service life. Using the monitoring results, it was possible to evaluate the behavior of the structures in long term on a local and global level. Locally, strain in all monitored members was evaluated and compared with material limit states. In addition, strain components were estimated where appropriate. Globally, the structural behavior of the buildings was evaluated using statistical analysis of results, while global behavior of link bridges is evaluated using simplified bending analysis. The monitoring system, results, and data analysis for the Pinnacle@Duxton complex are presented in this paper.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Karbhari VM, Ansari F (eds) (2009) Structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure systems. Woodhead Publishing in Materials, Cambridge
Glisic B, Inaudi D (2007) Fibre optic methods for structural health monitoring. John Wiley, Chichester
Balageas D, Fritzen CP, Güemes A (eds) (2006) Structural health monitoring. John Wiley, New York
Mita A, Sato H, Kameda H (2010) Platform for structural health monitoring of buildings utilizing smart sensors and advanced diagnosis tools. Struct Control Health Monit 17:795–807
Limaye V, MacDonnell R, Nickerson P, Newhook J, Hardy D, Inaudi D (2009) SHM application for managing snow load risks for indoor arenas. In: Proceeding of The 4th international conference on structural health monitoring of intelligent infrastructure (SHMII-4), paper no. 383, Zurich (pp on CD)
Glisic B, Inaudi D, Lau JM, Ng CT, Yap TY (2007) Large scale lifespan monitoring of high-rise buildings using long-gage fiber optic sensors. In: Proceeding of the 3rd international conference on structural health monitoring of intelligent infrastructure (SHMII-3), Vancouver (paper on CD)
Sigurdardottir DH, Afonso JPS, Hubbell DLK, Glisic B (2012) Streicker Bridge: A two-year monitoring overview. Bridge maintenance, safety, management, resilience and sustainability. In: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on bridge maintenance, safety and management, pp 790–797
Li X, Rizos C, Tamura Y, Ge L, Yoshida A, Cranenbroeck J (2010) Fundamental bending mode and vibration monitoring with inclinometer and accelerometer on high-rise buildings subject to wind loads. In: Proceeding of the 5th world conference on structural control and monitoring, paper no. 160, pp 1–15
Wenzel H (2009) From structural health monitoring to risk based infrastructure management. In: Proceeding of the 4th international conference on structural health monitoring of intelligent infrastructure (SHMII-4), Zurich (pp on CD)
Hayashi Y, Sugino M, Yamada M, Takiyama N, Onishi Y, Akazawa T (2012) Consecutive vibration characteristics monitoring of high-rise steel building. In: Proceeding of the 7th international conference on behavior of steel structures in seismic areas, stessa 2012, Santiago, pp 1065–1070
Glisic B, Posenato D, Inaudi D (2007) Integrity monitoring of old steel bridge using fiber optic distributed sensors based on Brillouin scattering. In: Proceedings of SPIE—the international society for optical engineering 6531, art. no. 65310P
Brownjohn JMW (2005) Lateral loading and response for a tall building in the non-seismic doldrums. Eng Struct 27(12):1801–1812
Ni YQ, Li B, Lam KH, Zhu DP, Wang Y, Lynch JP, Law KH (2011) In-construction vibration monitoring of a super-tall structure using a long-range wireless sensing system. Smart Struct Syst 7(2):83–102
Ponzo FC, Ditommaso R, Auletta G, Mossucca A (2010) A fast method for structural health monitoring of Italian reinforced concrete strategic buildings. Bull Earthq Eng 8:1421–1434
Moyo P, Brownjohn JMW, Suresh R, T** SC (2005) Development of fiber Bragg grating sensors for monitoring civil infrastructure. Eng Struct 27(12):1828–1834
Li DS, Ren L, Li HN, Song GB (2012) Structural health monitoring of a tall building during construction with fiber Bragg grating sensors. Int J Distrib Sensor Netw 2012:272190
Balendra T, Li Z (2008) Seismic hazard of Singapore and Malaysia. Electron J Struct Eng (special issue, Earthquake engineering in the low and moderate seismic regions of Southeast Asia and Australia): 57–63
Petersen M, Harmsen S, Mueller C, Haller K, Dewey J, Luco N, Crone A, Lidke D, Rukstales K (2007) Documentation for the Southeast Asia seismic hazard maps. Administrative report of September 30. US Geological Survey, Reston
Kim HG, Lee JH, Jeon WH, Yoon SW (2011) Wind map** of Singapore by computational fluid dynamics. In: Proceeding of air quality modeling in Asia 2011, Seoul
Glisic B, Inaudi D, Hoong KC, Lau JM (2003) Monitoring of building columns during construction. In: 5th Asia Pacific structural engineering and construction conference (APSEC), pp 593–606
Pozzi M, Glisic B, Zonta D, Inaudi D, Lau JM, Fong CC (2011) Analysis of lifespan monitoring data using Bayesian logic. J Phys Conf Series 305(1):012115
Glisic B (2011) Influence of gauge length to accuracy of long-gauge sensors employed in monitoring of prismatic beams. Meas Sci Technol 22(3):035206
Glisic B, Inaudi D, Kronenberg P, Lloret S, Vurpillot S (1999) Special sensors for deformation measurements of different construction materials and structures. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 3670:505–513
SMARTEC (2006) SOFO technology, no. 10.1000, v. 2006/04
SMARTEC (2009) SOFO standard deformation sensor, no. 10.1010, v. 2009/05
NEA Meteorological Services (2007) Guide to Singapore’s weather. National Environment Agency, Singapore. http://app.nea.gov.sg/data/mss/pdf/26March07.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2012
FIB (1999) CEB-FIP model code 1990. SETO, London
ACI 318-08 (2008) Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills
**a Y, Ni YQ, Zhang P, Liao WY, Ko JM (2011) Stress development of a super-tall structure during construction: field monitoring and numerical analysis. Comput Aided Civil Infrastruct Eng 26(7):542–559
Su JZ, **a Y, Chen L, Zhao X, Zhang QL, Xu YL, Ding JM, **ong HB, Ma RJ, Lv XL, Chen AR (2013) Long-term structural performance monitoring system for the Shanghai Tower. J Civil Struct Health Monit 3(1):49–61
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the personnel of Sofotec, Singapore, SMARTEC, Switzerland, and Thomas Mbise from Princeton University, for assistance and collaboration.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Roussel, M., Glisic, B., Lau, J.M. et al. Long-term monitoring of high-rise buildings connected by link bridges. J Civil Struct Health Monit 4, 57–67 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-013-0045-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-013-0045-4