Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) show wide inter- and intra-specific variability in symbiotic functioning. Despite evidence for significant consequences of such variability on plant hosts and AMF responses, there is a poor understanding regarding the effects on soil properties that can serve as soil health indicators (e.g., soil aggregate stability and nutrient leaching). This study evaluated intra- and inter-specific variability of different fungal isolates on two tree species of economic and environmental interest, Malus prunifolia and Schinus terebinthifolia. Seedlings were either inoculated or not with AMF inoculum composed of 14 (for M. prunifolia) or 16 (for Schinus terebinthifolia) individual fungal isolates from four species belonging to different families. After six months in a greenhouse, we found intra-specific and inter-specific variability among AMF isolates and species with respect to plant biomass, N and P contents, proportion of macroaggregates, aggregate mean weight diameter and soil P in the leachate. AMF intra-specific variability was more evident in symbiosis with S. terebinthifolia compared with M. prunifolia. Cohen’s d Effect Size inference was used and revealed that isolates differed when plant and soil parameters were considered and that this was host-dependent. The effect of AMF isolates in reducing soil P losses depended on the host plant and correlated weakly with the abundance of external hyphae. We conclude that intra- and inter-specific variability in AMF can have an impact both on plant parameters and soil health indicators, and this should be taken into consideration when formulating inocula for agronomic or ecological applications.
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References
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq grant 461.289/2014-8) for SLS. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. Chaiane Schoen thanks CAPES, Brazil for a Doctor assistanship. Sidney Stürmer thanks CNPq for a Research Assistantship (Grant 309.163/2015-3). Pedro M Antunes was funded by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We are indebted to Dr. Akihiro Koyama for his help in the statistical analyses and Dr. Ana Bertarello Zeni for help with the spectrophotometer.
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Schoen, C., Montibeler, M., Costa, M.D. et al. Inter and intra-specific variability in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affects hosts and soil health. Symbiosis 85, 273–289 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-021-00812-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-021-00812-1