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Interpretation of morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of winter wheat under different sodium chloride concentrations

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Abstract

Environmental stresses, particularly salt stress are one of the most restricting factors of crop performance. The effects of salinity stress levels S0 (EC 1 mmho/cm), S1 (EC 10 mmho/cm), S2 (EC 15 mmho/cm), and S3 (EC 20 mmho/cm) on morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters in two winter wheat cultivars (Lalmi-4 and Kabul-013) were investigated in this study. The results indicated that salinity negatively affects plant height, tiller number, plant biomass, and days to heading of both cultivars, with more pronounced effects on Kabul-013. The physiological and biochemical reasons for the reduction could be attributed to some extent to higher cellular membrane damage, an increased rate of lipid peroxidation, and maintaining osmoregulation in Kabul-013. Moderate and high salinities increased the leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and leaf proline contents (LPC) in Kabul-013 as compared to Lalmi-4. With rising salt concentrations, yield and its components declined in both cultivars. However, the Lalmi-4 cultivar reveals more tolerance to salinity stress compared to the Kabul-013 cultivar, possibly by better growth performance, assembling fewer MDA and proline contents, and a lower value of leaf electrolyte leakage as well as producing more grain yield. According to the findings of this study, salt stress reduces overall wheat crop performance by modifying its physiological and biochemical pathways. Utilizing the discovery of the wheat whole genome sequence, more study is required to pinpoint the genes, metabolites, and pathways responsible for the many processes of salt tolerance in wheat. In view of the present expansion of biotechnological technology, multidisciplinary approaches to the development of salt-tolerant wheat cultivars are highly encouraged.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the ministry of agriculture, irrigation and livestock (MAIL) of Afghanistan for providing seeds of the two winter wheat cultivars.

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The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Parwan University, Parwan, 1102, Afghanistan

    Mohammad Wasif Amin

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Nangarhar, 2601, Afghanistan

    Shafiqullah Aryan

  3. Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan

    Ahmad Fahim Samadi

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Contributions

MWA wrote the paper and measured all physiological and biochemical measurements. SA did data analysis and interpretation/discussion of data, AFS collected agronomical data and participated in the discussion and writing of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohammad Wasif Amin.

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Amin, M.W., Aryan, S. & Samadi, A.F. Interpretation of morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of winter wheat under different sodium chloride concentrations. J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol. 26, 563–571 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-023-00200-9

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