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Mitotic studies, pollen fertility and morphological response of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich) Harms) to gamma radiation

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Abstract

Induced mutation is valuable for creating genetic variability for use in crop improvement programs. However, there are limited information on the mutagenicity of the African Yam bean (AYB). This study investigated the mitotic chromosomes, pollen fertility and morphological response of African yam bean to gamma radiation. Five accessions of AYB (TSs10, TSs30A, 104B, TSs363 and TSs 364) were planted and evaluated in the screen house using a complete randomized design with three replicates. The accessions were exposed to 0 Gy, 10 Gy, 25 Gy, 100 Gy, 250 Gy and 500 Gy of 60Co (Cobalt 60) gamma source (GAMMA BEAM X 200). In all accessions studied, non-irradiated seeds (0 Gy) showed normal mitotic metaphase; seeds of 25 Gy had sticky metaphase, while those of 10 Gy, 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 250 Gy and 500 Gy gamma doses had varying degrees of scattered arrangement. For all accessions, a decrease in pollen fertility was observed at 250 Gy and 500 Gy radiation doses. The growth characteristics of irradiated seeds differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from the control except for plant height and number of branches. Dosage 500 Gy showed a lethal effect having 0% survival rate in all accessions. Similar lethal effect (0% survival rate at 21 DAP) was observed in TSs10, TSs30A and 104B when exposed to 250 Gy dose. Shoot length is positively correlated with radicle length. Also, terminal leaf length is positive and strongly correlated with terminal leaf width and terminal leaf area. The TSs 30A performed best in seed germination and growth characteristics. Therefore, it could be recommended in mutation breeding for AYB improvement.

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  1. University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria

    Odunayo Joseph Olawuyi, Victoria Etim Inyang, Dare Dolapo Oladele & Seun Christianah David

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  1. Odunayo Joseph Olawuyi
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  2. Victoria Etim Inyang
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  3. Dare Dolapo Oladele
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  4. Seun Christianah David
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Correspondence to Dare Dolapo Oladele.

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Olawuyi, O.J., Inyang, V.E., Oladele, D.D. et al. Mitotic studies, pollen fertility and morphological response of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich) Harms) to gamma radiation. J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol. 26, 499–510 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-023-00194-4

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