SpringerLink
Log in

Parametric Study of the Spark Plasma Sintering Process on the Mechanical Properties of Multi-Layer Graphene Reinforced Ti6Al4V Nanocomposites

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the past few decades, titanium metal matrix composites have increased demand due to their vast application in the aerospace, biomedical and automotive industries. The spark plasma sintering process is one of the advanced techniques studied by various researchers during the fabrication of the TMCs. In the current work, the influence of sintering temperature and wt.% of multi-layer graphene (MLG) on hardness and elastic modulus of TMCs were studied. A parametric study of the SPS process was carried out by designing experiments using the response surface methodology. Analysis of variance was performed to investigate the influence of input factors and their interactions on the output responses. It was observed that both wt.% of MLG and sintering temperature had a substantial impact on the mechanical characteristics of the fabricated TMCs. Results show that sintering temperature contributed 42.15% and wt.% of MLG contribution was 55.40% in determining the hardness of the nanocomposites, while % contribution of sintering temperature and wt.% of MLG were 49.24% and 48.61%, respectively, in determining elastic modulus.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hu Z, Chen F, Xu J, Ma Z, Guo H, Chen C, Nian Q, Wang X, Zhang M, Compos. Part B Eng. 134 (2018) 133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hu Z, Tong G, Nian Q, Xu R, Saei M, Chen F, Chen C, Zhang M, Guo H, Xu J, Compos. Part B Eng. 93 (2016) 352.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Sivakumar G, Ananthi V, Ramanathan S, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China . 27 (2017) 82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Pan Y, Li W, Lu X, Hayat MD, Yin L, Song W, Qu X, Cao P, Mater. Charact. 170 (2020) 110633.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Li H, Yang Z, Cai D, Jia D, Zhou Y, Mater Des 185 (2020 ) 108245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang F, Wang J, Liu T, Shang C, Mater Des 186 (2020) 108330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kondoh K, Threrujirapapong T, Umeda J, Fugetsu B, Compos Sci Technol 72 (2012) 1291.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang FC, Zhang ZH, Sun YJ, Liu Y, Hu ZY, Wang H, Korznikov AV, Korznikova E, Liu ZF, Osamu S, Carbon 95 (2015) 396.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kondoh K, Threrujirapapong T, Imai H, Umeda J, Fugetsu B,Compos Sci Technol 69 (2009) 1077.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hertel T, Walkup RE, Avouris P, Phys Rev B 58 (1998) 13870.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Shahil KM, Balandin AA, Solid State Commun. 152 (2012) 1331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Shen X, Wang Z, Wu Y, Liu X, He YB, Kim JK, Nano Lett . 16 (2016) 3585.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhao YH, Zhang YF, Bai SL, Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 85 (2016) 148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kun P, Tapasztó O, Wéber F, Balázsi C, Ceram Int. 38 (2012) 211.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Yin Z, Yuan J, Xu W, Liu K, Yan S, Ceram Int. 44 (2018) 8977

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Song Y, Chen Y, Liu WW, Mater Des 109 (2016) 256.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Xu Z, Shi X, Zhai W, Yao J, Song S, Zhang Q,Carbon 67 (2014) 168.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mu XN, Cai HN, Zhang HM, Fan QB, Wang FC, Zhang ZH, Wu Y, Ge YX, Chang S, Shi R, Zhou Y, Mater Sci Eng A. 725 (2018) 541.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mu XN, Cai HN, Zhang HM, Fan QB, Zhang ZH, Wu Y, Ge YX, Wang DD, Mater Des 140 (2018) 431.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang W, Zhou H, Wang Q, Wei B, **n S, Gao Y, Metal 10 (2020) 737.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Abiodun B, Oluremi O, Apata P, J Alloy Compd 710 (2017) 825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Mohammadzadeh A, Namini AS, Azadbeh M, Motallebzadeh A, Mater Res Express 5 (2018) 126512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ujah CO, Popoola API, Popoola OM, Int J Adv Manuf Technol 100 (2019) 1563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lin Z, Zheng W, Li H, and Wang D,  Acta Metall Sin 57 (2020) 111.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Arora K, Singh AK, Mater Manuf Process 35 (2020) 1631.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ogunbiyi O, Jamiru T, Sadiku R, Adesina O, lolu Olajide J, Beneke L, Int J Lightweight Mater Manuf 3 (2020) 177.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Rahimian M, Ehsani N, Parvin N, J Mater Process Technol 209 (2009) 5387.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Sharma VK, Kumar V, Joshi RS, J Mater Res Technol 8 (2019) 3504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Yun H, Zou B, Wang J, Mater Sci Eng A 705 (2017) 98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Grützner S, Krüger L, Radajewski M, Schneider I,Metal 8 (2018) 377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Şenel MC, Gürbüz M, Koç E, Mater Sci Technol 34 (2018) 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful for the financial support provided by Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, under SEED grant (Ref: TU/DORSP/57/3915).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India

    Deepak Sharma, Vinod Kumar & Sachin Singh

Authors
  1. Deepak Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vinod Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sachin Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sachin Singh.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sharma, D., Kumar, V. & Singh, S. Parametric Study of the Spark Plasma Sintering Process on the Mechanical Properties of Multi-Layer Graphene Reinforced Ti6Al4V Nanocomposites. Trans Indian Inst Met 76, 1015–1025 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-022-02811-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-022-02811-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation