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Experimental study on fracture infiltration and slurry permeation reduction based on 3D printed visualization models

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Abstract

The seepage and slurry filling permeability reduction laws in rock mass fracture network are investigated through the construction of a two-dimensional fracture network model, which is based on real rock sample images obtained. Transparent fracture test models were created using a photo-curing 3D printer and rigid photosensitive materials. Seepage model tests and grouting tests were conducted with varying seepage directions and water injection flow rates. Visual observation of the fracture seepage process, grouting process, and real-time monitoring of water injection pressure were performed. Additionally, CT scanning was utilized to observe the state of grout filling. From a microscopic perspective, the seepage and grouting laws in fractures were studied, resulting in the following findings: ①During the fracture seepage and grouting processes, there were continuous flow diversion and convergence phenomena, with noticeable variations in seepage activity at different locations within the test model. ②The seepage velocity exhibited a strong correlation with the hydraulic gradient, following a quadratic function relationship. This relationship conformed to the Forchheimer-type nonlinear seepage formula. Notably, significant differences in hydraulic gradient were observed when the injection direction was altered by 90° within the same model plane, indicating significant anisotropic characteristics. ③The overall filling rate of grout during the grouting process reached 71.4%, with certain fractures not participating in the grouting process. At the intersection of fractures, larger cement particles tended to accumulate, while the filling of narrow fractures at the intersection was inadequate. ④Following grouting, the permeability of the fracture model decreased by 97.9–98.6%, and the effect of grouting is good.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments. The support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21130706) is gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (21130706) provided financial support for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Geoscience, University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China

    Bingzhu Wang, Ziwei Qian, Chunzhi Tan & Jufeng Liu

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  1. Bingzhu Wang
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  2. Ziwei Qian
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  3. Chunzhi Tan
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Contributions

BW: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Software, Data Processing, Writing-Review and Editing. ZQ: Methodology, Review and Editing, Obtaining Funding. CT, JF: Review and Editing, Supervision.

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Correspondence to Ziwei Qian.

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Wang, B., Qian, Z., Tan, C. et al. Experimental study on fracture infiltration and slurry permeation reduction based on 3D printed visualization models. Environ Earth Sci 83, 406 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-024-11712-0

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