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Valorization of Kraft Lignin via Its Conversion into Lignin Nanoparticles to Act Both as DDS and Biostimulator for Plant

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Abstract

Lignin is the second most critical natural heteropolymer that has the potential to produce several value-added products. Around 85% of the lignin generated worldwide is produced as kraft lignin (KL), a type of industrial lignin obtained from kraft pulp. KL-containing effluents harm aquatic life, such as respiratory stress, liver damage, and genotoxicity. In this study, an attempt was made to create multifunctional lignin nanoparticles (LNP) using different solvents such as methanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethylene glycol, DMSO, and 70% ethanol using KL and its application as drug delivery system was evaluated. The produced particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, FESEM, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), XRD, and FTIR. The curcumin encapsulated LNP (LNP-C) was made (size > 99% < 300 nm, − 18.5 mV Zeta Potential, crystallite size of 7.9 nm, 10.6 nm, and 6.1 nm, lattice strain of 0.01496, 0.01593, and 0.02594) as a vehicle for drug delivery. The IC50 value of LNP-C was determined to be 12.2803 ± 1.397 µg/ml. LNP’s role as DDS was found significant. Moreover, interestingly LNPs acted as a growth stimulator when examined using the Vigna radiata seed assay.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, Bharat, for the funding. The author would also like to thank the Department of Central Scientific Services, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), for enabling them to utilize the DLS and Zeta potential facilities. The author would also like to thank the Department of Bose Institute for allowing them to utilize the FTIR facility and the Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Technology Durgapur for allowing them to use the FESEM facility. The author would also like to thank the S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences for enabling them to utilize the TG/DTA facility. The author would also like to thank Prof. Sudip Chattopadhyay, NIT Durgapur for the facility of his plant tissue culture lab for plant bioassay.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, India

    Gaurav Singh, Kunal Das & Dalia Dasgupta Mandal

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Gaurav Singh: Methodology, experimental work, investigation, software, writing—original draft, data curation. Kunal Das : Experimental work, investigation. Dalia Dasgupta Mandal: Conceptualization, methodology, supervision, validation, writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Dalia Dasgupta Mandal.

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Singh, G., Das, K. & Mandal, D.D. Valorization of Kraft Lignin via Its Conversion into Lignin Nanoparticles to Act Both as DDS and Biostimulator for Plant. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 4823–4838 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-024-02479-3

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