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In-vitro Evaluation of Talaromyces islandicus Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, Bio-pesticidal and Seed Growth Promoting Activities

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Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) are regarded as the most significant innovation of the twentieth century to produce biological materials at the nanoscale level, with numerous applications for human welfare. In this study, Talaromyces extract-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesised, and their toxicity against human pathogenic bacteria via antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity was investigated. In the meantime, the pesticidal efficacy against the green cloverworm (Hypena scabra) was assessed. Spectroscopy techniques were utilized to characterise ZnONPs. The UV spectrum peak indicated nanoparticle formation at 298 nm, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that nanoparticles were 22–34 nm in size and crystalline. The octagonal to spherical shape of NPs was determined using microscopy techniques such as SEM and AFM. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of elemental silver. Antimicrobial activity as compared to streptomycin, zinc oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated noteworthy efficacy against both S. aureus and S. epidermis, exhibiting inhibition zones measuring 10.33 ± 0.33 and 13 ± 0.33, respectively. Anti-inflammatory responses of nanoparticles evaluated using the human red blood cells (HRBC) membrane stabilisation method, egg albumin assay, and protein denaturation assay showed dose-dependent activity. The HRBC membrane stabilisation assay revealed 86–25% haemolysis rates for ZnONPs compared to 61–8% for standard aspirin at 100 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Albumin denaturation assay of ZnONPs (100 µg/mL) demonstrated 37.89% inhibition compared to 61.96% inhibition by standard aspirin (100 µg/mL), whereas protein denaturation assay demonstrated ZnONPs 45.69% inhibition and std aspirin 60.67% inhibition, respectively. Evaluation of the pesticidal potential of ZnONPs against the green cloverworms revealed mortality rates of 28.57% at 24 h, 66.66% at 48 h and 83.33% at 72 h, respectively, having no detrimental effects on seed germination. According to our knowledge, this work is the first to document the mycosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Talaromyces islandicus. This finding can potentially facilitate the synthesis of novel and economically viable nano-drugs through a microbial-based synthesis approach.

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Funding

This project was supported by Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2024R142), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Author notes

  1. M. K. Sangeeta &  Tejashree

    Present address: Department of Botany, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, 585106, India

  2. Meghashyama Prabhakara Bhat & Pooja V. Gunagambhire

    Present address: Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580003, India

  3. Raju Suresh Kumar

    Present address: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

  4. Sakkarapalayam M. Mahalingam

    Present address: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, 585106, India

    Vidyasagar M. Gunagambhire

  2. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580003, India

    Shashiraj Kariyellappa Nagaraja

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Contributions

The study conception and design were done by VG. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by MKS, T and PG. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MKS, and review & editing were done by MPB and SKN. Data validation and funding acquisition were done by RSK and SMM. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Vidyasagar M. Gunagambhire.

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Sangeeta, M.K., Tejashree, Gunagambhire, V.M. et al. In-vitro Evaluation of Talaromyces islandicus Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, Bio-pesticidal and Seed Growth Promoting Activities. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 1901–1915 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02386-z

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