Abstract
To more comprehensively analyze the effect of CO2 and H2O on the gasification dissolution reaction and deep reaction of coke, the reactions of coke with CO2 and H2O using high temperature gas–solid reaction apparatus over the range of 950–1250°C were studied, and the thermodynamic and kinetic analyses were also performed. The results show that the average reaction rate of coke with H2O is about 1.3–6.5 times that with CO2 in the experimental temperature range. At the same temperature, the endothermic effect of coke with H2O is less than that with CO2. As the pressure increases, the gasification dissolution reaction of coke shifts to the high-temperature zone. The use of hydrogen- rich fuels is conducive to decreasing the energy consumed inside the blast furnace, and a corresponding high-pressure operation will help to suppress the gasification dissolution reaction of coke and reduce its deterioration. The interfacial chemical reaction is the main rate-limiting step over the experimental temperature range. The activation energies of the reaction of coke with CO2 and H2O are 169.23 kJ·mol−1 and 87.13 kJ·mol−1, respectively. Additionally, water vapor is more likely to diffuse into the coke interior at a lower temperature and thus aggravates the deterioration of coke in the middle upper part of blast furnace.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K.D. Xu, Low carbon economy and iron and steel industry, Iron. Steel, 45(2010), No. 3, p. 1.
P.R. Austin, H. Nogami, and J.I. Yagi, Prediction of blast furnace performance with top gas recycling, ISIJ Int., 38(1998), No. 3, p. 239.
T. Akiyama, H. Sato, A. Muramatsu, and J. I. Yagi, Feasibility study on blast furnace ironmaking system intergrated with methanol synthesis for reduction of carbon dioride emission and effective use of energy, ISIJ Int., 33(1993), No. 11, p. 1136.
K.S.A. Halim, Theoretical approach to change blast furnace regime with natural gas injection, J. Iron. Steel Res. Int., 20(2013), No. 9, p. 40.
V. Trinkel, N. Kieberger, T. Bürgler, H. Rechberger, and J. Fellner, Influence of waste plastic utilisation in blast furnace on heavy metal emissions, J. Cleaner Prod., 94(2015), p. 312.
W.H. Chen, C.L. Hsu, and S.W. Du, Thermodynamic analysis of the partial oxidation of coke oven gas for indirect reduction of iron oxides in a blast furnace, Energy, 86(2015), p. 758.
W.H. Chen, M.R. Lin, A.B. Yu, S.W. Du, and T.S. Leu, Hydrogen production from steam reforming of coke oven gas and its utility for indirect reduction of iron oxides in blast furnace, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37(2012), No. 16, p. 11748.
Q. Lyu, Y.N. Qie, X.J. Liu, C.C. Lan, J.P. Li, and S. Liu, Effect of hydrogen addition on reduction behavior of iron oxides in gas–injection blast furnace, Thermochim. Acta, 648(2017), p. 79.
J.X. Li, K.C. Lu, J.J. Wang, and P. Wang, Influence of H2O−CO2 gas mixture on coke degradation, J. Anhui Univ. Technol. (Nat. Sci.), 25(2008), No. 3, p. 233.
Y.Z. Fang, Z.F. Qian, J.H. Yang, and D.Z. Jiang, Deep reaction of coke, Fuels Chem., 29(1998), p. 301.
P. Wang, Y.Q. Zhang, J.X. Li, H.M. Long, Q.M. Meng, and S.C. Yu, Effects of CO2 and H2O on solution loss reaction of coke, Chin. J. Process Eng., 16(2016), No. 1, p. 138.
Y.Q. Zhang, Fundamental study on degradation behavior of coke with H2O and CO2 [Dissertation], Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 2016, p. 48.
Q.Q. Zhao, Q.G. Xue, X.F. She, H. Wang, and J.S. Wang, Study on kinetics of solution loss reaction of coke with H2O and CO2, Chin. J. Process Eng., 12(2012), No. 5, p. 789.
W. Wang, B.W. Dai, R.S. Xu, J. Schenk, J. Wang, and Z.L. Xue, The Effect of H2O on the reactivity and microstructure of metallurgical coke, Steel Res. Int., 88(2017), No. 8, art. No. 1700063.
S.M. Shin and S.M. Jung, Gasification effect of metallurgical coke with CO2 and H2O on the porosity and macro strength in the temperature range of 1100 to 1500°C, Energy Fuels, 29(2015), No. 10, p. 6849.
M. Zamalloa, D. Ma, and T.A. Utigard, Oxidation rates of industrial cokes with CO2 and air, ISIJ Int., 35(1995), No. 5, p. 458.
Y. Iwanaga and K. Takatani, Degradation behavior of coke at high–temperatures zone in blast furnace, Trans. Iron. Steel Inst. Jpn., 28(1988), No. 12, p. 990.
Y.L. Liu, Q.Q. Xue, G. Wang, and G.S. Wang, Dynamic dissolution of CO2/H2O (g)–gasified coke by slag containing FeO, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 45(2018), No. 9, p. 821.
P. Wang, Y.Q. Zhang, H.M. Long, R.F. Wei, J.X. Li, Q.M. Meng, and S.C. Yu, Degradation behavior of coke reacting with H2O and CO2 at high temperature, ISIJ Int., 57(2017), No. 4, p. 643.
P. Wang, S.C. Yu, H.M. Long, R.F. Wei, Q.M. Meng, and Y.Q. Zhang, Microscopic study on the interior and exterior reactions of coke with CO2 and H2O, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 44(2016), No. 8, p. 595.
K.J. Li, J.L. Zhang, Z.J. Liu, X.J. Ning, and T.J. Yang, Gasification of graphite and coke in carbon–carbon dioxide–sodium or potassium carbonate systems, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 53(2014), No. 14, p. 5737.
M. Schmal, J. Monteiro, and J.L. Castellan, Kinetics of coal gasification, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 21(1982), No. 2, p. 256.
K. Miura, M. Aimi, T. Naito, and K. Hashimoto, Steam gasification of carbon: Effect of several metals on the rate of gasification and the rates of CO and CO2 formation, Fuel, 65(1986), No. 3, p. 407.
O. Levenspiel, Chemical reaction engineering, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 38(1999), No. 11, p. 4140.
R. Guo, Q. Wang, and S. Zhang, Influence of solution loss reaction on post–reaction strength of coke, Coal Convers., 35(2012), No. 2, p. 12.
J.X. Zhang, Metallurgical Physical Chemistry, Metallurgical Industry Press, Bei**g, 2014, p. 200.
H.J. Guo, Metallurgical Physical Chemistry, Metallurgical Industry Press, Bei**g, 2014, p. 116.
P. Cui, L. Zhang, M. Yang, and Y. Wang, Study on kinetics and model of coke loss reaction with CO2 in blast furnace, J. Fuel. Chem. Technol., 34(2006), No. 3, p. 280.
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51474002) and the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (No. 51304014) and the Yong Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (No. 2017QNRC001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chang, Zy., Wang, P., Zhang, Jl. et al. Effect of CO2 and H2O on gasification dissolution and deep reaction of coke. Int J Miner Metall Mater 25, 1402–1411 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-018-1694-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-018-1694-4