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Effects of Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 on Intestinal Microbiota Structure and Body Weight Gain in Mice

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Abstract

In our previous study, we identified a metabolite of Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 (a strain with probiotic characteristics) that could improve immunity in mice. In the present study, we examined the effects of B. subtilis BS-Z15 and its metabolites on body weight gain and the intestinal microbiota of mice. Sixty 25-day-old male Kunming white mice were selected and randomly divided into four groups: control group (A), daily saline gavage; B. subtilis-treated group (B), single gavage (1 × 109 CFU/time/animal/day); group D, 14 consecutive gavages (1 × 109 CFU/time/animal/day); and B. subtilis metabolite-treated group (E), 30 consecutive gavages (90 mg kg−1/time/animal/day). High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze intergroup differences in the mouse intestinal microbiota. The results showed that the three treated groups had significantly slower body weight gain compared with the control group, which lasted until the 45 days (P < 0.05), and the daily food intake of the treated mice was higher (P < 0.05). The intestinal microbiota structure of the mice in the treated groups was significantly altered compared with that in the control group, suggesting that B. subtilis BS-Z15 may regulate the weight gain of animals by affecting their intestinal bacterial composition. After stop** the gavage of B. subtilis BS-Z15, the abundance of this strain in the small intestine of the mice gradually decreased and its presence was undetectable at 45 days, indicating that B. subtilis BS-Z15 could not colonize the intestine of these mice. These findings suggest that B. subtilis BS-Z15 may regulate intestinal microbiota through its metabolites to reduce weight gain.

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The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article and its additional file. Data will be made available on reasonable request. All authors ensure that all data and materials, as well as software applications or custom code, support their published claims and adhere to domain standards.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to the support of Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in **njiang, The Key Discipline Biology, **njiang Normal University. Thanks to researcher Dao-Yuan Zhang of the Institute of Ecology and Geography, **njiang Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for providing good guidance in the implementation of the project.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from Scientific Research Program of Colleges and Universities in **njiang (No. XJEDU2021I023), Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32160074), and the Open Project of Key Laboratory in **njiang (No. 2020D4010).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. **njiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, **njiang Normal University, Urumqi, China

    Jun Yang, Huan-Chen Ning, Jun-Qi Yue, **-Yuan Cao, **-Yu Li & Hui-**n Zhao

  2. Bei**g Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Bei**g Normal University, Bei**g, China

    Qi Zhang & He-** Zhao

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, **njiang Medical University, Urumqi, **njiang, 800017, People’s Republic of China

    Ling Liu

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  1. Jun Yang
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Hui-**n Zhao and He-** Zhao conceived of and designed the experiments. Jun Yang and Huan-Chen Ning performed the experiments and wrote the articles. Jun-Qi Yue and Qi Zhang helped to perform the experiments and collected the data. Huan-Chen Ning and **-Yu Li participated in the statistical analysis. **-Yuan Cao helped with the chart processing. Hui-**n Zhao and Ling Liu contributed to manuscript discussion and revision. Hui-**n Zhao is the first corresponding author, and Professor He-** Zhao and Associate Professor Ling Liu are the co-corresponding authors. Jun Yang, Huan-Chen Ning, and Qi Zhang are co-contributing authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ling Liu, He-** Zhao or Hui-**n Zhao.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. Animal protocol approval: **njiang Medical University, SYXK (**n) 2018–0003.

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Yang, J., Ning, HC., Zhang, Q. et al. Effects of Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 on Intestinal Microbiota Structure and Body Weight Gain in Mice. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 15, 706–715 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-021-09897-y

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