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Responses of Soil Nematodes to Combined Bio-Organo-Mineral Fertilizers on Upland Rice Crop** in the Highlands of Madagascar

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Abstract

Upland rainfed rice crop** in the highlands of Madagascar is strongly limited by poor Ferralsol mineral fertility. There is an urgent need to identify efficient and sustainable fertilization practices that improve soil fertility without inducing pest proliferation. For that purpose, using a field trial for 2 successive years, we tested the effect of 16 fertilization practices on the abundance and taxonomic diversity of soil active nematodes, which are known to be biological indicators of soil fertility. We tested both fertilization practices traditionally used by farmers and innovative ones based on the assemblage of organic, mineral and biological (earthworms and mycorrhiza) fertilizers. We identified eight types of practices: (1) no fertilization; (2) fertilization with NPK and urea; (3) low input rates (3 t dry matter ha−1) of organic fertilizers without NPK; (4) low input rates of organic fertilizers with NPK; (5) high input rates (6 t dry matter ha−1) of organic fertilizers; (6) high input rates of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers; (7) high input rates of a mixture of organic fertilizers and (8) high input rates of a mixture of organic fertilizer with mineral fertilizers. After 2 years, we identified 41 soil nematode taxa. The taxonomic composition of the nematode communities revealed that Ferralsols are a stressful environment for the soil biota. The low abundance of opportunistic bacterivores indicated that the different fertilization practices did not significantly and deeply increase the amount of plant-available nutrients, and thus soil fertility. However, organic fertilizers significantly increased the abundance of omni-predators, indicating a moderately mature food web. Some practices induced worrying increases in the endoparasitic Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus, which requires monitoring of root symptoms to avoid the establishment of their populations. Monitor soil nematode communities in upland rice growing on Ferralsols could be used as agronomic indicators to promote sustainable rice production systems in Madagascar.

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Data Availability

The nematode taxonomic dataset generated during this study is available in the supplementary materials.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Agropolis Foundation (Investissements d'Avenir Programme, ANR-10-LABX-0001-01) under the framework of the SECuRE (ID 1605-007) project. This work was also supported by the European Union and African Union under the EcoAfrica project or Ecological intensification pathways for the future of crop-livestock integration in African agriculture (AURG II-1-075-2016). We would like to thank Andrianantenaina Hilaire Damase Razafimahafaly, Miora Rakotoarivelo, Kanto Razanamalala, Bertrand Muller, Richard Randriamanantsoa, Bodovololona Rabary and Aude Ripoche for their technical assistance in the field.

Funding

This study was funded by the Agropolis Foundation (Investissements d'Avenir Programme) under the framework of the SECuRE (ID 1605-007) project. This work was also supported by the European Union and African Union under the EcoAfrica project or Ecological intensification pathways for the future of crop-livestock integration in African agriculture (AURG II-1- 075-2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire des Radio-Isotopes, Université d’Antananarivo, Route d’Andraisoro, BP 3383, Antananarivo, Madagascar

    Sariaka Raharijaona, Eric Blanchart, Malalatiana Razafindrakoto, Tovo Rafolisy, Tantely Razafimbelo, Onja Ratsiatosika, Laetitia Bernard & Jean Trap

  2. Eco&Sols, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Batiment 12, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France

    Eric Blanchart, Laetitia Bernard & Jean Trap

  3. SELMET, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro-Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France

    Paulo Salgado

  4. CIRAD, UMR SELMET, INRAE-SupAgro, BP 319, 110, Antsirabe, Madagascar

    Paulo Salgado

  5. CIRAD UR AIDA, Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier, France

    Patrice Autfray

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  1. Sariaka Raharijaona
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. All authors contributed to the experimental setup, material preparation and data collection. The data analyses were performed by SR and the first draft of the manuscript was written by SR and JT. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jean Trap.

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Raharijaona, S., Blanchart, E., Razafindrakoto, M. et al. Responses of Soil Nematodes to Combined Bio-Organo-Mineral Fertilizers on Upland Rice Crop** in the Highlands of Madagascar. Proc Zool Soc 76, 224–240 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-023-00470-9

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