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Depositional and Bio-Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation, Kala-Chitta Range, Pakistan: Equivalent of Gurpi Formation (Iran)

  • Stratigraphy and Sedimentology
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Abstract

The present study is focused on evaluation of deep marine pelagic sediments of Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation of Kala-Chitta Range in the context of microfacies analysis, paleoenvironmental interpretation, planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy and diversification of species. A total of thirty three rock samples were collected from the measured section. Three microfacies are interpreted, namely planktonic foraminifera wackestone, planktonic foraminifera mudstone and sandy mudstone indicating low energy depositional environment i. e., outer ramp. The biostratigraphic studies show plentiful planktonic foraminifera species of Globotruncana, Heterohelix and Globotruncanita. However, no association of benthic or siliceous organisms was observed. On the basis of available species assemblage, a single local planktonic foraminifera biozone i. e., Globotruncana-Heterohelix-Globotruncanita Assemblage Biozone is established. The biozone information is combined with published literature and Lower Santonian to Middle Maastrichtian age has been assigned to the Kawagarh Formation. The trend of species occurrences evinces that species number decreases over time with pulsated rise in the Kawagarh Formation. The Kawagarh Formation carbonates show an overall Transgressive Systems Tract (TST). The Kawagarh Formation of Pakistan evinces analogous characteristics to that of the Late Cretaceous Gurpi Formation of Iran based on the geologic age, outcrop lithology, microfacies, planktonic foraminiferal assemblages, depositional setting and sequence stratigraphy.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Department of Geology, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan for providing facilities for conducting this research work. The authors are also thankful to Department of Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan for using their laboratory. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-022-1703-4.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, University of Swabi, Anbar-Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Swabi, 23561, Pakistan

    Muhammad Awais, Bilal Wadood, Muhammad Ishaq, Muhammad Bilal, Zeeshan Zafar & Aminullah Khan

  2. Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80126, Italy

    Muhammad Awais

  3. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, **’an, 710069, China

    Bilal Wadood

  4. National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25130, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ishaq

  5. Department of Geological Engineering, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, **’an Shiyou University, **’an, 610500, China

    Muhammad Bilal

  6. Department of Petroleum Geology and Engineering, School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Zeeshan Zafar

  7. Department of Geology, University of Malakand, Dir Lower, 18800, Chakdara, Pakistan

    Nasar Khan

  8. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium

    Nasar Khan

Authors
  1. Muhammad Awais
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  2. Bilal Wadood
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  3. Muhammad Ishaq
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  4. Muhammad Bilal
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  5. Zeeshan Zafar
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  6. Nasar Khan
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  7. Aminullah Khan
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Correspondence to Muhammad Awais.

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Awais, M., Wadood, B., Ishaq, M. et al. Depositional and Bio-Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation, Kala-Chitta Range, Pakistan: Equivalent of Gurpi Formation (Iran). J. Earth Sci. 35, 332–348 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-022-1703-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-022-1703-4

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