Abstract
Coastal communities in Indonesia are often prone to food insecurity because they are highly dependent on fisheries for income and subsistence. However, connections between fish and food security have received limited attention in the national fisheries discourse; Indonesian fisheries are managed according to production-based indicators, despite the important roles that access and distribution play in mediating how fish are used and valued. Combining value chain analysis (VCA) and a “fish as food” framework, we administer survey interviews to members of a small Indonesian fishing community regarding species catch, on-island exchange of fish, and the role of fish species in the broader diet. Our mixed-methods approach and data aim to characterize links between fish harvest and consumption. Two questions guide the research: i) How do the island’s fisheries influence access to fish for household consumption? ii) What defines fish dependency in this community? Our findings indicate that island harvest and consumption are dominated by small pelagic species caught by commercial crews; however, small-scale fishers play a key role in providing fish during low catch periods. Catch and consumption are seasonally dependent: households reduce their fish consumption and substitute for less preferred farmed (milk)fish during windy seasons. Evidence of market-based fish trade and strong associations between dietary diversity and non-fish food groups suggest that food security in this community is more related to income from fishing than direct consumption of fish. To address the food security implications of fisheries management, there is a need for coordination among fisheries and public health sectors.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adhuri, D. S., Rachmawati, L., Sofyanto, H., & Hamilton-Hart, N. (2016). Green market for small people: Markets and opportunities for upgrading in small-scale fisheries in Indonesia. Marine Policy, 63, 198–205.
Allison, E. (2011). Aquaculture, Fisheries, Poverty and Food Security. WorldFish Center Working Paper, 2011. Penang, Malaysia.
Asmal, I., Syarif, E., & Ahmad, M. (2020). Harmonization of domestic and social life of fishermen women; a positive behavior for quality of life. Enfermería Clínica, 30, 518–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.07.151
Ayunda, N., Sapota, M. R., & Pawelec, A. (2018). The Impact of Small-Scale Fisheries Activities Toward Fisheries Sustainability in Indonesia. In T. Zielinski, I. Sagan, & W. Surosz (Eds.), Interdisciplinary Approaches for Sustainable Development Goals: Economic Growth, Social Inclusion and Environmental Protection (pp. 147–167). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71788-3_11
Bell, J. D., Kronen, M., Vunisea, A., Nash, W. J., Keeble, G., Demmke, A., Pontifex, S., & Andréfouët, S. (2009). Planning the use of fish for food security in the Pacific. Marine Policy, 33(1), 64–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2008.04.002
Belton, B., & Thilsted, S. H. (2014). Fisheries in transition: Food and nutrition security implications for the global South. Global Food Security, 3(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2013.10.001
Béné, C., Macfadyen, G., & Allison, E. H. (2007). Increasing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to poverty alleviation and food security Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. Rome, Italy: FAO.
Béné, C., Barange, M., Subasinghe, R., Pinstrup-Andersen, P., Merino, G., Hemre, G.-I., & Williams, M. (2015). Feeding 9 billion by 2050 – Putting fish back on the menu. Food Security, 7(2), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-015-0427-z
Béné, C., Arthur, R., Norbury, H., Allison, E. H., Beveridge, M., Bush, S., Campling, L., Leschen, W., Little, D., Squires, D., Thilsted, S. H., Troell, M., & Williams, M. (2016). Contribution of Fisheries and Aquaculture to Food Security and Poverty Reduction: Assessing the Current Evidence. World Development, 79, 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.007
Béné, C., Oosterveer, P., Lamotte, L., Brouwer, I. D., de Haan, S., Prager, S. D., Talsma, E. F., & Khoury, C. K. (2019). When food systems meet sustainability – Current narratives and implications for actions. World Development, 113, 116–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.08.011
Bennett, A., Patil, P., Kleisner, K., Rader, D., Virdin, J., & Basurto, X. (2018). Contribution of Fisheries to Food and Nutrition Security: Current Knowledge, Policy, and Research. NI Report 18–02. Durham, NC: Duke University. [online] URL: https://nicholasinstitute.duke.edu/publications/contribution-fisheries-food-and-nutrition-security-current-knowledge-policy-and.
Bennett, A., Basurto, X., Virdin, J., Lin, X., Betances, S. J., Smith, M. D., Allison, E. H., Best, B. A., Brownell, K. D., Campbell, L. M., Golden, C. D., Havice, E., Hicks, C. C., Jacques, P. J., Kleisner, K., Lindquist, N., Lobo, R., Murray, G. D., Nowlin, M., et al. (2021). Recognize fish as food in policy discourse and development funding. Ambio, 50(5), 981–989. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01451-4
Brewer, T. D. (2011). Coral reef fish value chains in Solomon Islands: Market opportunities and market effects on fish stocks. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies report to Solomon Islands Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources and Secretariat of the Pacific Community, p. 46 pages.
Charlton, K. E., Russell, J., Gorman, E., Hanich, Q., Delisle, A., Campbell, B., & Bell, J. (2016). Fish, food security and health in Pacific Island countries and territories: A systematic literature review. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 285. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2953-9
Clifton, J. (2013). Refocusing conservation through a cultural lens: Improving governance in the Wakatobi National Park, Indonesia. Marine Policy, 41, 80–86.
Clifton, J., & Foale, S. (2017). Extracting ideology from policy: Analysing the social construction of conservation priorities in the Coral Triangle region. Marine Policy, 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.018
Corsi, A., Englberger, L., Flores, R., Lorens, A., & Fitzgerald, M. (2008). A participatory assessment of dietary patterns and food behavior in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 17, 309–316.
De Alessi, M. (2017). Property rights and advanced technologies. Individual Transferable Quotas in Theory and Practice, 4, 141.
Deswandi, R. (2012). Understanding Institutional Dynamics: The Emergence, Persistence, and Change of Institutions in Fisheries in Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Doctoral Thesis. Faculty of Social Science, University of Bremen, Bremen.
Fabinyi, M., Dressler, W. H., & Pido, M. D. (2017). Fish, trade and food security: moving beyond ‘availability’ discourse in marine conservation. Human Ecology, 45(2), 177–188.
Farmery, A. K., Brewer, T. D., Farrell, P., Kottage, H., Reeve, E., Thow, A. M., & Andrew, N. L. (2021). Conceptualising value chain research to integrate multiple food system elements. Global Food Security, 28, 100500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100500
Ferrol-Schulte, D., Gorris, P., Baitoningsih, W., Adhuri, D., & Ferse, S. (2015). Coastal livelihood vulnerability to marine resource degradation: A review of the Indonesian national coastal and marine policy framework. Marine Policy, 52, 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.09.026
Ferse, S. C., Knittweis, L., Krause, G., Maddusila, A., & Glaser, M. (2012). Livelihoods of ornamental coral fishermen in South Sulawesi/Indonesia: implications for management. Coastal Management, 40(5), 525–555.
Ferse, S. C. A., Glaser, M., Neil, M., & Schwerdtner Máñez, K. (2014). To cope or to sustain? Eroding long-term sustainability in an Indonesian coral reef fishery. Regional Environmental Change, 14(6), 2053–2065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0342-1
Fiorella, K., Hickey, M., Salmen, C., Nagata, J., Mattah, B., Magerenge, R., Cohen, C., Bukusi, E., Brashares, J., & Fernald, L. (2014). Fishing for food? Analyzing links between fishing livelihoods and food security around Lake Victoria, Kenya. Food Security, 6, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-014-0393-x
Foale, S., Adhuri, D., Aliño, P., Allison, E. H., Andrew, N., Cohen, P., Evans, L., Fabinyi, M., Fidelman, P., Gregory, C., Stacey, N., Tanzer, J., & Weeratunge, N. (2013). Food security and the Coral Triangle Initiative. Marine Policy, 38, 174–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.05.033
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2014). Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles - The Republic of Indonesia. URL: http://www.fao.org/fishery/facp/idn/en.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and FHI 360. (2016). Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women: A Guide for Measurement. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2018). Dietary Assessment: A Resource Guide to Method Selection and Application in Low Resource Settings. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2020). Building resilience of small-scale fisheries to ensure food security and nutrition in the Pacific. FAO Regional Conference for Asia and the Pacific 17–20 February, 2020, Thimphu, Bhutan. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Garcia Rodrigues, J., & Villasante, S. (2016). Disentangling seafood value chains: Tourism and the local market driving small-scale fisheries. Marine Policy, 74, 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.09.006
Gibson, E., Stacey, N., Sunderland, T. C. H., & Adhuri, D. S. (2020). Dietary diversity and fish consumption of mothers and their children in fisher households in Komodo District, eastern Indonesia. PLoS ONE, 15(4), e0230777. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230777
Gibson, E., Stacey, N., Sunderland, T. C. H., & Adhuri, D. S. (2021). Co** or adapting? Experiences of food and nutrition insecurity in specialised fishing households in Komodo District, eastern Indonesia. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 355. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10248-3
Glaeser, B., Ferse, S., & Gorris, P. (2018). Fisheries in Indonesia between livelihoods and environmental degradation: Co** strategies in the Spermonde Archipelago, Sulawesi. In P. Guillotreau, A. Bundy, & R. I. Perry (Eds.), Global Change in Marine Systems: Integrating Natural (pp. 67–82). Societal and Governing Responses. Routledge.
Glaser, M., & Glaeser, B. (2014). Towards a framework for cross-scale and multi-level analysis of coastal and marine social-ecological systems dynamics. Regional Environmental Change, 14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0637-5
Glaser, M., Breckwoldt, A., Deswandi, R., Radjawali, I., Baitoningsih, W., & Ferse, S. C. A. (2015). Of exploited reefs and fishers – A holistic view on participatory coastal and marine management in an Indonesian archipelago. Ocean & Coastal Management, 116, 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.07.022
Gorris, P. (2016). Deconstructing the reality of community-based management of marine resources in a small island context in Indonesia. Frontiers in Marine Science, 3(JUL), undefined-undefined. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00120
Harper, S., Grubb, C., Stiles, M., & Sumaila, U. R. (2017). Contributions by Women to Fisheries Economies: Insights from Five Maritime Countries. Coastal Management, 45(2), 91–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2017.1278143
Hicks, C. C., Cohen, P. J., Graham, N. A. J., Nash, K. L., Allison, E. H., D’Lima, C., Mills, D. J., Roscher, M., Thilsted, S. H., Thorne-Lyman, A. L., & MacNeil, M. A. (2019). Harnessing global fisheries to tackle micronutrient deficiencies. Nature, 574(7776), 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1592-6
HLPE, Pinstrup-Andersen, P., Rahmanian, M., Allahoury, A., Hendriks, S., Hewitt, J., Guillou, M., Iwanaga, M., Kalafatic, C., Kliksberg, B., Maluf, R., Murphy, S., Oniang’o, R., Pimbert, M., Sepulveda, M., Tang, H., Prakash, V., Ambuko, J., Belik, W., Gitz, V. (2014). Food losses and waste in the context of sustainable food systems: A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security. HLPE, Rome.
Kawarazuka, N., & Béné, C. (2010). Linking small-scale fisheries and aquaculture to household nutritional security: An overview. Food Security, 2(4), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-010-0079-y
Kawarazuka, N., & Béné, C. (2011). The potential role of small fish species in improving micronutrient deficiencies in develo** countries: Building evidence. Public Health Nutrition, 14(11), 1927–1938. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980011000814
Kittinger, J. N., Teneva, L. T., Koike, H., Stamoulis, K. A., Kittinger, D. S., Oleson, K. L., Conklin, E., Gomes, M., Wilcox, B., & Friedlander, A. M. (2015). From reef to table: social and ecological factors affecting coral reef fisheries, artisanal seafood supply chains, and seafood security. PloS one, 10(8), e0123856.
KKP. (2018). Produktivitas Perikanan Indonesia: Forum Merdeka Barat 9 Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika. Jakarta.
Lampe, M., Waris, L., & Rajab, M. (2020). The influence of socio-economic gender’s roles towards diabetes symptoms in South Sulawesi fishermen community. Enfermeria Clinica, 30(Suppl 2), 140–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.07.065
Levkoe, C. Z., Lowitt, K., & Nelson, C. (2017). “Fish as food”: Exploring a food sovereignty approach to small-scale fisheries. Marine Policy, 85, 65–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.08.018
Lipoeto, N. I., Geok Lin, K., & Angeles-Agdeppa, I. (2013). Food consumption patterns and nutrition transition in South-East Asia. Public Health Nutrition, 16(9), 1637–1643. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980012004569
Lowitt, K., Levkoe, C., & Nelson, C. (2019). Where are the Fish? Using a “Fish as Food” Framework to Explore the Thunder Bay Area Fisheries. The Northern Review, 49. https://doi.org/10.22584/nr49.2019.008
Lyana, A. Z., & Manimbulu, N. (2014). Culture and Food Habits in Tanzania and Democratic Republic of Congo. Journal of Human Ecology, 48(1), 9–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2014.11906770
Macfadyen, G., Fao, R. (Italy) F. P. and P. D. eng, & Corcoran, E. (2002). Literature review of studies on poverty in fishing communities and of lessons learned in using the sustainable livelihoods approach in poverty alleviation strategies and projects. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=XF2016033623
Malle, S., Tawali, A. B., Tahir, M. M., & Bilang, M. (2019). Nutrient composition of milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forskal) from Pangkep, South Sulawesi. Indonesia. Journal of Nutrition, 25(1), 155–162.
McCay B.J., and J.M. Acheson (eds). 1987. The Question of the Commons: The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.240.4855.1082
McClanahan, T., Allison, E., & Cinner, J. (2013). Managing fisheries for human and food security. Fish and Fisheries, 16. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12045
McCoy, K. S., Williams, I. D., Friedlander, A. M., Ma, H., Teneva, L., & Kittinger, J. N. (2018). Estimating nearshore coral reef-associated fisheries production from the main Hawaiian Islands. PLoS ONE, 13(4), e0195840. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195840
Mello, J. A., Gans, K. M., Risica, P. M., Kirtania, U., Strolla, L. O., & Fournier, L. (2010). How Is Food Insecurity Associated with Dietary Behaviors? An Analysis with Low-Income, Ethnically Diverse Participants in a Nutrition Intervention Study. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(12), 1906–1911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.011
Micha, R., Mannar, V., Afshin, A., Allemandi, L., Baker, P., Battersby, J., Bhutta, Z., Chen, K., Corvalan, C., Di Cesare, M., Dolan, C., Fonseca, J., Hayashi, C., Rosenzweig, C., Schofield, D., & Grummer-Strawn, L. (2020, May 2). 2020 Global nutrition report: Action on equity to end malnutrition [Monograph]. Development Initiatives. https://globalnutritionreport.org/reports/2020-global-nutrition-report/
Muawanah, U., Pomeroy, R., & Marlessy, C. (2012). Revisiting Fish Wars: Conflict and Collaboration over Fisheries in Indonesia. Coastal Management - Coast Manage, 40, 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2012.677633
Nelwan, A. F. P., Musbir, K., & M., Palo, & Jaya, I. (2020). Proportion of fish catches types and fishing changes of purse seine in Spermonde water in East season on 2015 and 2019. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 564, 012076. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/564/1/012076
Noack, A.-L., & Pouw, N. R. M. (2015). A blind spot in food and nutrition security: Where culture and social change shape the local food plate. Agriculture and Human Values, 32(2), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-014-9538-y
Nord, M., Satpathy, A., Raj, N., Webb, P., & Houser, R. (2002). Comparing Household Survey-Based Measures of Food Insecurity Across Countries: Case Studies in India, Uganda, and Bangladesh. 55.
Nurdin, N., & Grydehøj, A. (2014). Informal governance through patron–client relationships and destructive fishing in Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 3(2), 54–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2014.11.003
O’Garra, T. (2012). Economic valuation of a traditional fishing ground on the coral coast in Fiji. Ocean & Coastal Management, 56, 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2011.09.012
Olson, J., Clay, P. M., & Pinto da Silva, P. (2014). Putting the Seafood in Sustainable Food Systems. Marine Policy, 43, 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2013.05.001
Paddock, J. R. (2017). Changing consumption, changing tastes? Exploring consumer narratives for food secure, sustainable and healthy diets. Journal of Rural Studies, 53, 102–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.04.001
Pet-Soede, L., van Densen, W., Hiddink, J., Kuyl, S., & Machiels, M. A. M. (2001). Can fishermen allocate their fishing effort in space and time on the basis of their catch rates? An example from Spermonde Archipelago, SW Sulawesi, Indonesia. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 8, 15–36. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2001.00215.x
Prescott, J., Riwu, J., Steenbergen, D. J., & Stacey, N. (2015). Governance and Governability: The Small-Scale Purse Seine Fishery in Pulau Rote, Eastern Indonesia. In S. Jentoft & R. Chuenpagdee (Ed.), Interactive Governance for Small-Scale Fisheries (Vol. 13, pp. 61–84). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17034-3_4
Reksten, A. M., Somasundaram, T., Kjellevold, M., Nordhagen, A., Bøkevoll, A., Pincus, L. M., Rizwan, A. AMd., Mamun, A., Thilsted, S. H., Htut, T., & Aakre, I. (2020). Nutrient composition of 19 fish species from Sri Lanka and potential contribution to food and nutrition security. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 91, 103508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103508
Roberts, N., Mengge, B., Utina, M. R., Muhatar, F., Icwardanhi, A., Zulkifli, R. M., & Humphries, A. (2022). Patronclient relationships shape value chains in an Indonesian island-based fisheries system. Marine Policy, 143, 105142.
Roemling, C., & Qaim, M. (2012). Obesity trends and determinants in Indonesia. Appetite, 58(3), 1005–1013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.02.053
Rosales, R. M., Pomeroy, R., Calabio, I. J., Batong, M., Cedo, K., Escara, N., Facunla, V., Gulayan, A., Narvadez, M., Sarahadil, M., & Sobrevega, M. A. (2017). Value chain analysis and small-scale fisheries management. Marine Policy, 83, 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.023
Roxas, A. T., Guliman, S. D. O., Perez, M. L., & Ramirez, P. J. B. (2017). Gender and poverty dimensions in a value chain analysis of milkfish mariculture in Misamis Oriental, Philippines. Asian Fisheries Science. https://digitalarchive.worldfishcenter.org/handle/20.500.12348/660
Salayo, N. D. (2010). Milkfish marketing in the Philippines. In Milkfish aquaculture in Asia (pp. 105–127). National Taiwan University. https://repository.seafdec.org.ph/handle/10862/2201
Salayo, N. D., Marte, C. L., Toledo, J. D., Gaitan, A. G., & Agbayani, R. F. (2021). Develo** a self-sufficient Philippine milkfish industry through value chain analysis. Ocean & Coastal Management, 201, 105426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105426
Schwerdtner Máñez, K., & Ferse, S. C. (2010). The history of Makassan trepang fishing and trade. PLoS One, 5(6), e11346.
Sharma, C. (2011). Securing economic, social and cultural rights of small-scale and artisanal fisherworkers and fishing communities. MAST, 10.
Stefani, S., Ngatidjan, S., Paotiana, M., Sitompul, K. A., Abdullah, M., Sulistianingsih, D. P., Shankar, A. H., & Agustina, R. (2018). Dietary quality of predominantly traditional diets is associated with blood glucose profiles, but not with total fecal Bifidobacterium in Indonesian women. PLoS ONE, 13(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208815
Sutherland, H. (2011). Whose Makassar? Claiming Space in a Segmented City. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 53(4), 791–826.
Tezzo, X., Bush, S. R., Oosterveer, P., & Belton, B. (2020). Food system perspective on fisheries and aquaculture development in Asia. Agriculture and Human Values. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10037-5
Thilsted, S. H., Thorne-Lyman, A., Webb, P., Bogard, J. R., Subasinghe, R., Phillips, M. J., & Allison, E. H. (2016). Sustaining healthy diets: The role of capture fisheries and aquaculture for improving nutrition in the post-2015 era. Food Policy, 61, 126–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.02.005
Thyresson, M., Crona, B., Nyström, M., de la Torre-Castro, M., & Jiddawi, N. (2013). Tracing value chains to understand effects of trade on coral reef fish in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Marine Policy, 38, 246–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.05.041
Tlusty, M. F., Tyedmers, P., Bailey, M., Ziegler, F., Henriksson, P. J. G., Béné, C., Bush, S., Newton, R., Asche, F., Little, D. C., Troell, M., & Jonell, M. (2019). Reframing the sustainable seafood narrative. Global Environmental Change, 59, 101991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101991
Tran, N., Rodriguez, U. P., Chan, C. Y., Phillips, M. J., Mohan, C. V., Henriksson, P. J. G., Koeshendrajana, S., Suri, S., & Hall, S. (2017). Indonesian aquaculture futures: An analysis of fish supply and demand in Indonesia to 2030 and role of aquaculture using the AsiaFish model. Marine Policy, 79, 25–32.
Vandenberg, J., Humphries, A., Garcia-Quijanoa, C., Moore, A., Pollnac, R., & Abdullah, S. (2021). Assessing Indicators and Limitations of Food Security Objectives in Coral Reef Restoration. Conservation & Society, 19(1), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_20_33
Warren, C., & Steenbergen, D. J. (2021). Fisheries decline, local livelihoods and conflicted governance: An Indonesian case. Ocean & Coastal Management, 202, 105498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105498
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to extend the deepest gratitude to Universitas Hasanuddin for hosting their scholarship. Much gratitude is owed to the individuals interviewed in this study, and the authors acknowledge their contribution to this work as critical. The authors wish to thank A. Moore for comments on previous versions of this manuscript which greatly improved the work, as well as project administration. This work was supported by a joint grant from MARS Symbioscience and the University of Rhode Island. Permits for this research were issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Research (68/SIP/IV/FR/11/2021) and University of Rhode Island’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved the research with a reference number 1539056-1. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of their agencies.
Funding
The research leading to these results was conducted in a multidisciplinary project funded by MARS Symbioscience and the University of Rhode Island.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization: Nicky Roberts, Austin Humphries, Buchari Mengge; Methodology: Nicky Roberts, Austin Humphries, Buchari Mengge, Brietta Oaks; Formal analysis and investigation: Nicky Roberts, Buchari Mengge, Novita Sari, Irsan Afandy, Austin Humphries; Writing—original draft preparation: Nicky Roberts; Writing—review and editing: Nicky Roberts, Austin Humphries, Brietta Oaks; Funding acquisition: Austin Humphries; Resources: Buchari Mengge, Austin Humphries; Supervision: Austin Humphries, Buchari Mengge, Nicky Roberts.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Roberts, N., Mengge, B., Oaks, B. et al. Fish consumption pathways and food security in an Indonesian fishing community. Food Sec. 15, 1–19 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-022-01323-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-022-01323-7