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Identification of Built-Up Areas Based on the Consistently High Heat-Radiating Surface in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area

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Abstract

The consequences of rapid industrialization and urbanization are the conversion of natural surfaces into semi-impervious built-up features. In the context of rapid urbanization, the present work captures the temporally consistent high heat-radiating surface features through the Land Surface Temperature (LST)-derived novel thermal index, called the Spatio Temporal Thermal Consistency Index (STTCI). The index was derived from the time-series Landsat 5 TM and 8 OLI & TIRS data from 1990 to 2010 and from 2015 to 2020, respectively, at the five-yearly interval and applied over the Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA). The correlation coefficient between field-collected and image-based LST came to be 0.89 for 2020. The LST results revealed an increasing trend in the mean LST values, i.e., from 19.53 °C to 23.56 °C in the KMA from 1990 to 2020, respectively. The minimum and maximum temperatures also increased about 4 °C and 7 °C, respectively, in this period. The novel STTCI was compared with the selected thermal built-up indices. The results showed that the STTCI outperformed all the other selected thermal built-up indices when correlated with the concerned image-based LST information (r > 0.95). The accuracy values for identifying built-up areas were assessed for all the indices. The STTCI showed the highest accuracy mostly over 90% with kappa values mostly > 0.85. Finally, STTCI-based built-up area extraction was performed and it was estimated that the built-up areas increased from 389.88 sq. Km to 789.57 sq. Km from 1990 to 2020.

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Data Availability

Some of the generated datasets of the current research are restricted. However, the datasets may be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, for providing the research fund under the SERB EMR Scheme (File Number: EMR/2017/002838) to conduct the research. The authors sincerely acknowledge the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for providing the satellite data free of cost and Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) and the Howrah Municipal Corporation (HMC) for providing the ancillary information to support the research. The authors are thankful to all the anonymous reviewers and the editorial team for their valuable comments and suggestions for the betterment of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, P.O HIT, HIT College Rd, Kshudiram Nagar, Haldia, West Bengal, 721657, India

    Abhisek Santra, Akhilesh Kumar & Shreyashi S. Mitra

  2. Department of Geography, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Road, Barbaria, P.O Jagannathpur, District-24 Parganas (North), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India

    Abhisek Santra

  3. Department of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), 4 Kalidas Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India

    Debashis Mitra

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Correspondence to Abhisek Santra.

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Santra, A., Kumar, A., Mitra, S.S. et al. Identification of Built-Up Areas Based on the Consistently High Heat-Radiating Surface in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 50, 1547–1561 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-022-01543-6

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