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Wall rock deformation, chilled margin, textural analysis, and displacement structures of Salem dolerites emplaced within the Southern Granulite Terrane, Tamilnadu, India

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Abstract

Wall rock alteration products of sheared minerals, micro faults, and quenched glassy matrix in micro faults are the effects of magma ascent under tremendous pressure in both discordant and concordant intrusions. The studied dykes show more shearing effects in wall rock and this magma flow rheology aligned the early-formed plagioclase in dolerite along the contact margins of dyke. The present study covers Salem dolerites, predominantly formed in Attur, Mettur, and Yercaud regions. Salem dolerites imprint the microlevel alteration and changes due to magma flow causing mineral alignment in dolerite, sheared minerals, microfractures, micro faults in wall rock filled by quenched glassy matrix, and recrystallized mineral zones on the contact of the host rock wall. The emphasis of this work is to denote the structural interaction of dolerite dyke with rigid host rock and textural variations from the chilled margin to the centre of the dolerite that changes during the emplacement and cooling process. Petrographically, intersertal and subophitic textures are recognized from the chilled margin and centre of the dolerite dyke, respectively. The present work scrutinizes the nature of the dyke contact with the host rock and whether magma flow alters the host rock wall or not at the micro level in the contact margin. Subsequently, after the emplacement, the study area underwent multiple stages of deformation that changed the pre-existing trend of the dykes. Major faults within the dykes of Attur and Mettur show a different style of deformation. The NNW–SSE dyke in the Attur region deformed dramatically in a sinistral strike-slip brittle manner by a brittle strike-slip fault documented for the time in this region and it is located near the Salem Attur Shear Zone. The ambiguous deformation mechanism of dolerite within the area's high shear sense shows a contradiction to the crustal-scale shear zones of Salem block. This strives the detailed physical and structural work in this region helps to demarcate the deformational process. Mettur dykes deformed as a normal slip toward the foothill of this area. These structural imprints help categorize this region’s mode of deformation and displacement event.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem for providing DST-FIST-sponsored laboratory facilities. The corresponding author would like to acknowledge the support and help of the late Venkat Prasath who is not an author but has provided valuable contributions in preparing fieldwork and sample collection. The authors acknowledge the valuable input and comments from Dr. Syed Haroon Ali for improving this work. The authors acknowledge the reviewers for their critical evaluation, valuable suggestions, comments, and constructive review which help the authors to improve the quality of the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India

    C. Ramachandran & A. Thirunavukkarasu

  2. Department of Geology, AVS College of Arts & Science, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636106, India

    R. Ravi

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Ramachandran, C., Thirunavukkarasu, A. & Ravi, R. Wall rock deformation, chilled margin, textural analysis, and displacement structures of Salem dolerites emplaced within the Southern Granulite Terrane, Tamilnadu, India. Arab J Geosci 16, 52 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-11144-9

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