SpringerLink
Log in

Assessment of regional discharge and spring type using hydrograph and Maillet analyses in Kumalar Mountain region, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Arabian Journal of Geosciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Kumalar Mountain and its surroundings have an important groundwater potential for Sandıklı and Şuhut districts, due to intense spring discharges. The springs discharged from limestones and volcanic units and are used for drinking, using, and irrigation purposes. Therefore, it is of great importance to determine the capacities and potentials of such springs in the rural areas. The aim of this study is to reveal the hydraulic properties, discharge mechanisms, and potential of the natural springs located around the Kumalar Mountain region. Monthly flow measurements were made between September 2017 and September 2018 in 19 springs in the study area. The annual flow rates of the springs in the study area vary between 0.01 and 2.10 l/s. Spring flow rates are increased in the rainy seasons. The annual base flow and average flow rates of springs were calculated by hydrography analysis and are 311.04–57,024 m3/year and 0.01–1.81 l/s respectively. The coefficient of discharge (α) 8.77 × 10−4–9.82 × 10−3 day−1, flow variability (Qd) 0.10–0.69 l/s, and average base flow (Qb) 0.01–2.03 l/s values were calculated by Maillet equation. According to the coefficients of discharge and flow variation, springs were determined as “types 2 and 3”. Torun spring in Yıprak which feed by limestone has the highest flow.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Balci V (2011a) 1/100000 scale geological maps of Turkey. Afyon-L25, map sheet (in Turkish). MTA General Directorate publications, 161

  • Balci V (2011b) 1/100000 scale geological maps of Turkey. Afyon-L24, map sheet (in Turkish). MTA General Directorate publications, 162

  • Bonacci O (1993) Karst springs hydrographs as indicators of karst aquifers. Hydrol Sci J 38(1):51–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669309492639

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boussinesq J (1877) Essai sur la théorie des eaux courantes [Theory of underground water flow under a non-permanent regime]. Imprimerie nationale

  • Callı SS (2017) Investigation of Pınarbası Spring (Seydisehir, Konya) by hydrograph-chemographic analysis. Master Thesis (in Turkish), Ankara University Institute of Science, Geological Engineering, p 135

  • Celik M, Deneri AH, Callı SS (2015) Analysis of Pınarbası Estavelle discharge, Central Taurus Belt, Seydisehir, Turkey. AQUA2015, 42nd. IAH Congress, 14–19 September, Abstract book, Rome

  • Dewandel B, Lachassagne P, Bakalowicz M, Weng PH, Al-Malki A (2003) Evaluation of aquifer thickness by analysing recession hydrographs. Application to the Oman ophiolite hard-rock aquifer. J Hydrol 274(1–4):248–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00418-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ford D, Williams P (2007) Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology. Wiley, Chichester, p 562

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ford DC, Williams PW (1989) Karst geomorphology and hydrology. Unwin Hyman, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Giacopetti M, Materazzi M, Pambianchi G, Posavec K (2017) Analysis of mountain springs discharge time series in the Tennacola stream catchment (central Apennine, Italy). Environ Earth Sci 76(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6339-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall FR (1968) Base flow recession: a review. Water Resour Res 4(5):973–983. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR004i005p00973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karanjac J (1977) Recession hydrograph analysis in karst. In: DSİ-UNDP Seminar on Karst Hydrogeology, Antalya, Turkey, pp 65–85

  • Kiraly L (2003) Karstification and groundwater flow. Speleogenesis and Evolution of Karst Aquifers 1(3):155–192

  • Korkmaz N (1990) The estimation of groundwater recharge from spring hydrographs. Hydrol Sci J 35(2):209–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669009492419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kovács A, Perrochet P, Király L, Jeannin PY (2005) A quantitative method for the characterization of karst aquifers based on spring hydrograph analysis. J Hydrol 303:152–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.08.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kresic N (2010) Types and classifications of springs. Groundwater hydrology of springs: engineering, theory, management and sustainability, (Chapter 2). Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier, Oxford, pp 31–85

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kresic N, Bonacci O (2010) Spring discharge hydrograph. Groundwater hydrology of springs: engineering, theory, management and sustainability, (Chapter 4). Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier, Oxford, pp 129–163

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kresic N, Stevanovic Z (eds) (2010) Groundwater hydrology of springs: engineering, theory, management and sustainability. Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier, Oxford

  • Kuhta M, Brkić Z, Stroj A (2012) Hydrodynamic characteristics of Mt. Biokovo foothill springs in Croatia. Geol Croatica 65(1):41–52. https://doi.org/10.4154/GC.2012.03

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorette G, Lastennet R, Peyraube N, Denis A (2018) Groundwater-flow characterization in a multilayered karst aquifer on the edge of a sedimentary basin in western France. J Hydrol 566:137–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.09.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maillet E (1905) Essais d’Hydraulique souterraine et fluviale. Hermann, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Malík P (2015) Evaluating discharge regimes of karst aquifer. Karst aquifers - characterization and engineering. Springer, Cham, pp 205–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangin A (1975) Contribution à l’étude hydrodynamique des aquifères karstiques. Thèse de doctorat, Es-Sciences Naturelles, Université de Dijon, 268

  • Meinzer OE (1942) Hydrology. Physics of the Earth Vol. IX, McGraw Hill, p 712

  • Milanovic PT (1981) Karst hydrogeology. Water Resources Publications, Littleton, p 434

    Google Scholar 

  • Ocal H, Goktas F (2011) 1/100000 scale geological maps of Turkey. Afyon-K24, map sheet (in Turkish). MTA General Directorate publications, 158

  • Ocal H, Turhan N, Goktas F (2011) 1/100000 scale geological maps of Turkey. Afyon-K25, map sheet (in Turkish). MTA General Directorate publications, 159

  • Okan OO, Guven A, Cetindag B (2018) The hydrogeological investigation of Plajkoy spring (Elazıg). Bull Miner Res Explor 156(156):221–236. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.376767

  • Oztas T (1993) Geohydrological analysis of a karst spring and its aquifer on the example of Bogsak karst spring (Mersin-Tasucu) (in Turkish). Geol Eng 42:5–14

  • Rani FM, Chen ZH (2009) Estimating groundwater recharge from spring records at minefields. IEEE 2009 International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science, China, pp 1–4

  • Sahinci A (1991) Karst (in Turkish). Reform printing office, Izmir, p 171

  • Schoeller H (1967) Geochemistry of groundwater-an international guide for research and practice (Chapter 15, pp 1–18)

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by 3001—Starting R&D Projects Funding Program from the National Support Programs of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project Number: 116Y389).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

    Fatma Aksever, Ayşen Davraz & Simge Varol

Authors
  1. Fatma Aksever
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ayşen Davraz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Simge Varol
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fatma Aksever.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Broder J. Merkel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Aksever, F., Davraz, A. & Varol, S. Assessment of regional discharge and spring type using hydrograph and Maillet analyses in Kumalar Mountain region, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. Arab J Geosci 14, 2355 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08736-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08736-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation