Abstract
Numerous physical and chemical approaches are existing for metal elimination from the soil; nonetheless, phytoremediation is regarded as one of the paramount effective and cost-friendly approach. However, ample work has been done all over the world to appraise phytoremediation capability of plants in controlled conditions; only limited studies are existing on metal uptake abilities of plants cultivated under natural conditions. So, the present work estimates the phytoremediation potential of rice, imperative food crop cultivated in agricultural soils of Punjab with key objective to appraise the accretion and transport of metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Cd, Ni, As and Pb) in roots, stems and leaves. Data was analysed by using Pearson’s correlation analysis and heatmap analysis. Correlation analysis exhibited strong relationship among metals in soil and different tissues of rice. pH, soil organic carbon and phosphorus showed significant correlation with studied metal(loid)s in the soils affecting their availability and retention. In soil, highest and lowest concentrations of Zn and Pb were found for different sites, respectively. In rice among all the metals, Ni was found maximum in roots and stems, while Zn content was recorded maximum in leaves. The results of bioaccumulation factor and translocation factor were obtained above one for Zn, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb, signifying the phytoremediation potential of rice in natural conditions.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-06221-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_6221_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-06221-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_6221_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-06221-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_6221_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-06221-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_6221_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-06221-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_6221_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12517-020-06221-w/MediaObjects/12517_2020_6221_Fig6_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ali H, Khan E, Sajad MA (2013) Phytoremediation of heavy metals—concepts and applications. Chemosphere 91:869–881
Antoniadis V, Levizou E, Shaheen SM, Ok YS, Sebastian A, Baum C, Rinklebe J (2017) Trace elements in the soil-plant interface: phytoavailability, translocation, and phytoremediation–A review. Earth-Sci Rev 171:621–645
Awasthi SK (2000) Prevention of Food Adulteration Act no 37 of 1954. Central and state rules as amended for. New Delhi, Ashoka Law House, p 1999
Baker AJ, Brooks R (1989) Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements. A review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry. Biorecovery 1(2):81–126
Bhatti SS, Kumar V, Sambyal V, Singh J, Nagpal AK (2018) Comparative analysis of tissue compartmentalized heavy metal uptake by common forage crop: a field experiment. Catena 160:185–193
Caunii A, Negrea A, Pentea M, Samfira I, Motoc M, Butnariu M (2015) Mobility of heavy metals from soil in the two species of the aromatic plants. Rev Chim 66(3):382–386
Chief Editor Room of Standard Press of China (CERSPC) (2009) Compilation of standards for feed industry. Standard Press of China, Bei**g (in Chinese)
Chandrasekaran A, Ravisankar R, Harikrishnan N, Satapathy KK, Prasad MVR, Kanagasabapathy KV (2015) Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metal concentration in soils of Yelagiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India—spectroscopical approach. Spectrochim Acta A 137:589–600
Dogra N, Sharma M, Sharma A, Keshavarzi A, Minakshi BR, Kumar V (2020) Pollution assessment and spatial distribution of roadside agricultural soils: a case study from India. Int J Environ Health Res 30(2):146–159
Emurotu JE, Onianwa PC (2017) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in soil and selected food crops cultivated in Kogi State, north central Nigeria. Environ Syst Res 6(1):21
FAO (2018) Staple Foods: What Do People Eat? Available online: http://www.fao.org/docrep/u8480e/u8480e07.htm (accessed on 13 July 2018)
Galal TM, Shehata HS (2015) Bioaccumulation and translocation of heavy metals by Plantago major L. grown in contaminated soils under the effect of traffic pollution. Ecol Indic 48:244–251
García-Salgado S, García-Casillas D, Quijano-Nieto MA, Bonilla-Simón MM (2012) Arsenic and heavy metal uptake and accumulation in native plant species from soils polluted by mining activities. Water Air Soil Pollut 223(2):559–572
Ghosh M, Singh SP (2005) A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization heavy metals from soil in the two species of the aromatic plants. Rev Chim (Bucharest) 66(3):382–386
Heidari A, Kumar V, Keshavarzi A (2019) Appraisal of metallic pollution and ecological risks in agricultural soils of Alborz province, Iran, employing contamination indices and multivariate statistical analyses. Int J Environ Health Res:1–19
Herawati N, Suzuki S, Hayashi K, Rivai IF, Koyama H (2000) Cadmium, Copper, and zinc levels in rice and soil of Japan, Indonesia, and China by soil type. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 64:33–39
Jackson ML (1967) Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
Kabata-Pendias A (2004) Soil-plant transfer of trace elements—an environmental issue. Geoderma 122:143–149
Kaur R, Yadav P, Kohli SK, Kumar V, Bakshi P, Mir BA, Bhardwaj R (2019) Emerging trends and tools in transgenic plant technology for phytoremediation of toxic metals and metalloids. In book: Transgenic Plant Technology for Remediation of Toxic Metals and Metalloids (pp. 63-88). Academic Press
Keshavarzi A, Kumar V (2019) Ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils of Northeastern Iran. Int J Environ Health Res 29(5):544–560
Keshavarzi A, Kumar V (2020) Spatial distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Northeastern Iran. Geol Ecol Land 4(2):87–103
Kumar V, Sharma A, Dhunna G, Chawla A, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK (2017) A tabulated review on distribution of heavy metals in various plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(3):2210–2260
Kumar V, Sharma A, Minakshi Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK (2018) Temporal distribution, source apportionment, and pollution assessment of metals in the sediments of Beas river, India. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 24(8):2162–2181
Kumar R, Kumar V, Sharma A, Singh N, Kumar R, Katnoria JK, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK (2019) Comino JR (2019) Assessment of pollution in roadside soils by using multivariate statistical techniques and contamination indices. SN Appl Sci 1:842
Kumar V, Sharma A, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK (2019a) Elemental composition of plants and multivariate analysis. Nat Acad Sci Lett 42(1):45–50
Kumar V, Parihar RD, Sharma A, Bakshi P, Sidhu GPS, Bali AS, Rodrigo-Comino J (2019b) Global evaluation of heavy metal content in surface water bodies: a meta-analysis using heavy metal pollution indices and multivariate statistical analyses. Chemosphere 124364
Kumar V, Sharma A, Kaur P, Sidhu GPS, Bali AS, Bhardwaj R, Cerda A (2019c) Pollution assessment of heavy metals in soils of India and ecological risk assessment: a state-of-the-art. Chemosphere 216:449–462
Kumar V, Pandita S, Sharma A, Bakshi P, Sharma P, Karaouzas I, Cerda A (2019d) Ecological and human health risks appraisal of metal (loid) s in agricultural soils: a review. Geol Ecol Landscapes:1–13
Kumar V, Sharma A, Pandita S, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK, Cerda A (2020) A review of ecological risk assessment and associated health risks with heavy metals in sediment from India. Int J Sediment Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2020.03.012
Malik RN, Husain SZ, Nazir I (2010) Heavy metal contamination and accumulation in soil and wild plant species from industrial area of Islamabad, Pakistan. Pak J Bot 42(1):291–301
McGowen SL, Basta NT, Brown GO (2001) Use of diammonium phosphate to reduce heavy metal solubility and transport in smelter-contaminated soil. J Environ Qual 30(2):493–500
Milinović J, Lukić V, Nikolic-Mandić S, Stojanović D (2008) Concentrations of heavy metals in NPK fertilizers imported in Serbia. Pest Phytomed 23:195–200
Moghtaderi T, Alamdar R, Rodríguez-Seijo A, Naghibi SJ, Kumar V (2020) Ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metal contamination in urban soils in Shiraz, Southwest Iran. Arab J Geosci 13(16):1–12
Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM (2010) Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environ Chem Lett 8:199–216
Nelson DW, Sommers LE (1982) Total carbon and organic matter. In: Page AL (ed) Methods of soil analysis, part, vol 2. Wisc. ASA-SSSA, Madison, pp 539–579
Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe FS, Dean LA (1954) Estimation of available phosphorus by extraction with sodium bicarbonate (Circular 39). USDA, Washington, DC
Pandit P, Mangala P, Saini A, Bangotra P, Kumar V, Mehra R, Ghosh D (2020) Radiological and pollution risk assessments of terrestrial radionuclides and heavy metals in a mineralized zone of the siwalik region (India). Chemosphere 254:126857
PSCST (2015) Punjab State Council for Science & Technology, Chandigarh http://punenvis.nic.in/index2.aspx?slid= 205&mid=1&langid=1&sublinkid=62
Setia R, Dhaliwal SS, Singh R, Kumar V, Taneja S, Kukal SS, Pateriya B (2020) Phytoavailability and human risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and food crops around Sutlej river, India. Chemosphere 15:128321
Sharma M, Kumar V, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK (2019) Tartaric acid mediated Cr hyperaccumulation and biochemical alterations in seedlings of Hordeum vulgare L. J Plant Growth Regul. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-09959-0
Tlustos P, Pavlikova D, Szakova J, Balik J (2002) Plant accumulation capacity for potentially toxic elements. In: Morel JL, Echevarria G, Goncharova N (eds) Phytoremediation of Metal-contaminated Soils. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 53–84
Troeh FR, Thompson LM (2005) Soils and soil fertility. Wiley, New Delhi
Zhao Y, Fang X, Mu Y, Cheng Y, Ma Q, Nian H, Yang C (2014) Metal pollution (Cd, Pb, Zn, and As) in agricultural soils and soybean, glycine max, in southern China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 92(4):427–432
Zheng N, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zheng D, Zhang Z, Zhang S (2007) Population health risk due to dietary intake of heavy metals in the industrial area of Huludao city, China. Sci Total Environ 387:96–104
Zhuang P, Yang QW, Wang HB, Shu WS (2007) Phytoextraction of heavy metals by eight plant species in the field. Water Air Soil Pollut 184(1-4):235–242
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Amjad Kallel
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, V., Pandita, S., Mahey, S. et al. Appraisal of tissue compartmentalized metal(loid) uptake by rice. Arab J Geosci 13, 1221 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06221-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06221-w