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Role of abscisic acid, osmolytes and heat shock factors in high temperature thermotolerance of Heliotropium thermophilum

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Abstract

Heliotropium thermophilum can survive at a soil temperature of 65 °C in natural and laboratory conditions, but the mechanism of survival at high soil temperatures is not completely known. The objective of this study was to determine whether changes in abscisic acid (ABA), osmolytes and heat shock factors (HSFs) levels have an effective role in the development of thermotolerance in H. thermophilum at high temperatures. Soil temperature at which the thermophilic plant could live was gradually increased in laboratory conditions and the effects of four different temperatures (20 ± 5 °C: low, 40 ± 5 °C: mild, 60 ± 5 °C: medium, 80 ± 5 °C: extreme heat) were observed for 15 days. The results showed that the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) did not significantly change in extreme heat, whereas the leaf water potential and stomatal conductivity decreased. ABA biosynthesis, accumulation of osmolyte compounds including proline and total soluble sugars, and the expression levels of heat shock transcription factor A4A (HSFA4A), heat shock transcription factor A3 (HSFA3), and heat shock factor (HSF4) genes significantly increased with increase of soil temperature from 20 ± 5 °C to 80 ± 5 °C. In conclusion, we observed that H. thermophilum is an extreme thermophile. This plant can adjust osmotic activity to effectively take water through the osmolytes accumulation, reducing water loss by ABA-mediated stomatal closing and survive at high soil temperatures by stimulating the increased transcription level of HSFs.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the project at Karadeniz Technical University Research Projects Unit (Project No: FDK-2017-7214). We also thank to native speaker Russell Fraser for English language improvement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

    Asiye Sezgin Muslu & Asim Kadıoğlu

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  1. Asiye Sezgin Muslu
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  2. Asim Kadıoğlu
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ASM and AK designed the research. ASM performed the experiments. ASM and AK analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Asiye Sezgin Muslu.

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Sezgin Muslu, A., Kadıoğlu, A. Role of abscisic acid, osmolytes and heat shock factors in high temperature thermotolerance of Heliotropium thermophilum. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 27, 861–871 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-00975-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-00975-7

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