Abstract
The proliferation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa has become an increasingly serious problem in freshwater ecosystems due to climate change and eutrophication. Microcystis-blooms in freshwater generate compounds with unpleasant odors, reduce the levels of dissolved O2, and excrete microcystins into aquatic ecosystems, potentially harming various organisms, including humans. Various chemical and biological approaches have thus been developed to mitigate the impact of the blooms, though issues such as secondary pollution and high economic costs have not been adequately addressed. Red clays and H2O2 are conventional treatment methods that have been employed worldwide for the mitigation of the blooms, while novel approaches, such as the use of plant or microbial metabolites and antagonistic bacteria, have also recently been proposed. Many of these methods rely on the generation of reactive oxygen species, the inhibition of photosynthesis, and/or the disruption of cellular membranes as their mechanisms of action, which may also negatively impact other freshwater microbiota. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms of anticyanobacterial chemicals and antagonistic bacteria remain unclear. This review thus discusses both conventional and innovative approaches for the management of M. aeruginosa in freshwater bodies.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2022R1F1A1063757).
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W.K., Y.P., M.T., J.L., and W.P. conducted the data collection for the manuscript and substantially contributed to the determination of the content. W.K., C.O.J., M.T., J.L., and W.P. collaborated on categorizing the data. W.K., Y.P., J.J., J.L., and W.P. wrote the manuscript, and W.P. reviewed and edited it.
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Kim, W., Park, Y., Jung, J. et al. Biological and Chemical Approaches for Controlling Harmful Microcystis Blooms. J Microbiol. 62, 249–260 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00115-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00115-2