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DNA vaccine dual-expressing viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein and C-C motif chemokine ligand 19 induces the expression of immune-related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

  • Virology
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Abstract

Glycoprotein (G protein)-based DNA vaccines are effective in protecting aquaculture fish from rhabdoviruses but the degree of immune response they elicit depends on plasmid concentration and antigen cassette. Here, we developed a DNA vaccine using the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus G (VG) gene and chemokine (C−C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19)a.2 regulated by the CMV promoter as the molecular adjuvant. After transfection of the prepared plasmid (pVG + CCL19) into epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells, mRNA expression was confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The vaccine was intramuscularly injected into zebrafish (Danio rerio), and 28 days after immunization, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (105 TCID50/10 µl/fish) was intraperitoneally injected. A survival rate of 68% was observed in the pVG + CCL19 group but this was not significantly different from the survival rate of fish treated with pVG alone, that is, without the adjuvant. However, the expression of interferon- and cytokine-related genes in the spleen and kidney tissues of zebrafish was significantly increased (p < 0.05) on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after immunization. Thus, CCL19a.2 induced an initial immune response as a molecular adjuvant, which may provide initial protection against virus infection before vaccination-induced antibody formation. This study provides insights on the functions of CCL19a.2 adjuvant in DNA vaccines.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Institute of Fisheries Science (R2022077) and Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion (KIMST) funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea (201903922).

We acknowledge Hye Ji Kim, Jong-Bin Park, and Ji Hyun Lee for their excellent technical and scientific support.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally to the study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Korea

    **-Young Kim

  2. OIE Reference Laboratory for VHS, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Korea

    Hyoung Jun Kim

  3. Department of Aquatic Life Medical Sciences, Sunmoon University, Asan, 31460, Korea

    Jeong Su Park & Se Ryun Kwon

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  1. **-Young Kim
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  2. Hyoung Jun Kim
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  3. Jeong Su Park
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  4. Se Ryun Kwon
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Contributions

Conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation: J.-Y.K.; writing-original draft preparation, validation: H.J.K., formal analysis, visualization: J.S.P.; project administration, writing-review and editing: S.R.K. All authors read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Se Ryun Kwon.

Ethics declarations

All procedures involving animals were approved by Animal Ethics Committee of Chonnam National University (CNU IACUC-YS-2019-8).

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Kim, JY., Kim, H.J., Park, J.S. et al. DNA vaccine dual-expressing viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein and C-C motif chemokine ligand 19 induces the expression of immune-related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Microbiol. 60, 1032–1038 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2231-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2231-8

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