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New Synthetic Non-toxic Mono-azo Acid Dyes with Prominent Antibacterial Properties for Potential Application on Polyamide Fabrics

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Abstract

In pursuit of improving dyeability and incorporating antimicrobial attributes into polyamide fabric, a series of mono-azo acid dyes (SN1–SN5) were synthesized. Sulfathiazole was employed as an intermediate in the synthesis process of the dyestuff. The resultant dyes were characterized by employing various analytical techniques. The antimicrobial efficiency of these colorant was established through testing against Aspergillus fumigatus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, displaying a spectrum of mild to strong antibacterial activity. Dye SN5 exhibited the highest potency, showing growth inhibition of 90% and 95% against both bacterial strains, respectively. Since the acid dyes are the prime contenders for utilization in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, an assessment was conducted on BJ Human Fibroblast Cells to evaluate any plausible adverse impacts. The results revealed that all the dyes exhibited no cytotoxicity. The dyeing properties of these colorants, including color representation, build-up, exhaustion, and fixation, were thoroughly examined following their application on the fabrics. The fastness properties were found to be considerably good to excellent. The influence of acidic and alkaline conditions on the absorption maxima was also explored. The dye SN3 showed a substantial bathochromic shift with increase in the solution's acidity in comparison to other dyes.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to pay our special regards to Lucky Textile Mills Ltd. (Karachi, Pakistan) for light fastness testing.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sohail Khan Rafiq, Abdul Jabbar & Muhammad Salman

  2. Textile Institute of Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan

    Abdul Jabbar

  3. NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan

    Saira Faisal

Authors
  1. Muhammad Sohail Khan Rafiq
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Contributions

Muhammad Sohail Khan Rafiq: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Formal analysis, Software, Visualization, writing – original draft, writing – editing. Abdul Jabbar: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review and editing. Saira Faisal: Supervision, Validation, Writing – review and editing. Muhammad Salman: Formal analysis, Software.

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Correspondence to Abdul Jabbar.

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Rafiq, M.S.K., Jabbar, A., Faisal, S. et al. New Synthetic Non-toxic Mono-azo Acid Dyes with Prominent Antibacterial Properties for Potential Application on Polyamide Fabrics. Fibers Polym (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-024-00610-8

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