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Gold Nanoparticles-Incorporated Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Optical Biosensing Applications: An Experimental and Computational Approach

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Abstract

Paper-based biosensing platforms are the leading area of research today. In this work, a platform for biosensing applications with improved detection capability has been prepared using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) incorporated in electrospun nanofibers. The computational study results demonstrated that the addition of AuNPs brings about better stability to the polymer complex, and the energy band gap was found to be lowered for the PVA-AuNPs (Eg = 3.57 eV) compared to PVA (Eg = 8.82 eV). Based on this data, AuNPs were incorporated into the polymer matrix by immersion and dispersion techniques. Different ratios of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to AuNPs have been prepared, and the optical, thermal, morphological, and structural properties of the substrates were evaluated to prepare a matrix with better biosensing capabilities. Improved photoluminescence emission intensity of the order of 2.5 times higher was observed for PVA-AuNPs (7:3) nanofibers compared to bare PVA nanofibers. The improved photoluminescence emission intensity of the polymer matrix can be used as a quantitative parameter for the diagnosis of several diseases. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis shows the successful encapsulation of AuNPs within the nanofibers with an average fiber diameter of 101 ± 21 nm and particle size of around 4.24 nm of Au NPs. The prepared PVA-AuNPs nanofibers showed stable luminescence properties (less than 10% variation) even after two months of storage at room temperature. The bioconjugation studies showed better photoluminescence emission intensity for the proposed substrate than the conventional nitrocellulose (NC) membrane. The functional performance of the modified NC membrane with electrospun nanofibers showed a three times higher response than the bare NC membrane. The present study may give new insight to use the gold-incorporated nanofibers as an additive element to the conventional NC membrane in order to bring out better bioconjugation competency with improved sensing properties.

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Data Availability

The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also form part of an on-going study.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India, under the CRG scheme (No- CRG/2020/001529). The authors acknowledge HLL Lifecare Limited, Trivandrum, Kerala, India, for providing necessary facilities and support. The authors acknowledge the technical support provided by Ms. Alice Noble A, Research Scholar, Department of Physics, University of Kerala (Computational studies), and Ms. Arya R S, Research Intern, CRDC (Bioconjugation studies). The authors would also like to thank COE-AMGT, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore for FESEM–EDAX analysis.

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  1. Corporate Research and Development Centre (CRDC), HLL Lifecare Ltd, Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 017, India

    A. S. Sujitha, R. Saikant, Lakshminarayanan Ragupathy & Diksha Painuly

  2. Faculty of Science, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Edapally, Ernakulam, 682 022, India

    A. S. Sujitha

  3. Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kerala, Karyavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 581, India

    I. Hubert Joe

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Ms. Sujitha A S literature survey, performing experiments for the study, manuscript writing—original draft, graph plotting and analysis. R. Saikant: performing experiments for the lateral flow assay kits, part of manuscript writing. Dr. Lakshminarayanan Ragupathy: visualization, formal analysis, review and editing. Dr. Hubert Joe conceptualization, methodology, theoretical studies, formal analysis, review and editing. Dr. Diksha Painuly: conceptualization, methodology, resources, validation, formal analysis, visualization, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Diksha Painuly.

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Sujitha, A.S., Saikant, R., Ragupathy, L. et al. Gold Nanoparticles-Incorporated Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Optical Biosensing Applications: An Experimental and Computational Approach. Fibers Polym 25, 1193–1210 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-024-00511-w

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