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Development of Compatibilized Polyamide 1010/Coconut Fibers Composites by Reactive Extrusion with Modified Linseed Oil and Multi-functional Petroleum Derived Compatibilizers

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Abstract

This work reports the preparation and characterization of fully bio-based polymer composites with coconut fibers (CFs) as an alternative to wood-plastic composites (WPCs), typically based on petroleum derived materials. Polyamide 1010 (PA1010) was melt-extruded with 20 wt% of CFs and, after that, shaped into pieces by injection molding. Four different multi-functionalized compatibilizers were tested to increase the polymer-fiber interactions with the subsequent improvement on toughness. These consisted of two chemically modified vegetable oils, namely maleinized and epoxidized linseed oil (MLO and ELO) respectively, and two commercial additives derived from petroleum and based on glycidyl functionality, that is, low-functionality epoxy-based styrene-acrylic oligomer (ESAO) and polystyrene-glycidyl methacrylate random copolymer (PS-GMA). The addition of all four compatibilizers improved both the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites, thus resulting in high-performance composite materials with relatively low water uptake. Furthermore, the morphology of the obtained composites revealed an extraordinary embedment of the fibers into the biopolymer matrix, which plays a crucial role in improving toughness. Among all the tested compatibilizers, those derived from vegetable oils can be considered the most interesting ones due to they offer a more sustainable solution.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (MICIU) project numbers MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R and AGL2015-63855-C2-1-R. Quiles-Carrillo and Torres-Giner are recipients of a FPU grant (FPU15/03812) from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports (MECD) and a Juan de la Cierva contract (IJCI-2016-29675) from MICIU, respectively. The microscopy services at UPV are acknowledged for their help in collecting and analyzing FESEM images. The authors thank Polyscope for kindly supplying **bond™ 920 for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV), Alcoy, 03801, Spain

    L. Quiles-Carrillo, R. Balart & T. Boronat

  2. Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Paterna, 46980, Spain

    S. Torres-Giner

  3. Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Terni, 05100, Italy

    D. Puglia, F. Dominici & L. Torre

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  1. L. Quiles-Carrillo
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Quiles-Carrillo, L., Balart, R., Boronat, T. et al. Development of Compatibilized Polyamide 1010/Coconut Fibers Composites by Reactive Extrusion with Modified Linseed Oil and Multi-functional Petroleum Derived Compatibilizers. Fibers Polym 22, 728–744 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-021-0024-z

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