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Development of a modified dynamic flame thickened model for laminar premixed hydrogen/air flames

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Abstract

This work proposes a modified dynamic flame thickened model for laminar premixed hydrogen/air flames and describes flame simulations conducted for validation. The model is implemented on the open-source OpenFOAM v9, and four flame configurations are simulated: 1D laminar premixed flames, axi-symmetric stagnation-point flames, axi-symmetric Bunsen flames, and 2D bluff body flames. The 1D flame simulation reconfirms the validity of the thickened flame models. The axi-symmetric stagnation-point flames are simulated to find the optimal modification factor, a modeling parameter. The axi-symmetric Bunsen flame simulations are conducted for validation, and the results showed that the flame speed and stretch rate are well maintained. The 2D bluff body flame simulations are then conducted, and the results confirmed that the proposed model can produce stretched laminar flame speeds that are similar to those of the non-thickened reference cases, especially at low equivalence ratio conditions. Finally, the 2D bluff body flame simulations showed that the proposed model has reasonable prediction accuracy compared with the reference data.

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Abbreviations

c :

Progress variable

D k :

Mass diffusivity of species k (m2/s)

D jk :

Binary diffusion coefficient (m2/s)

E :

Efficiency function

F 0 :

Input thickening factor

F u :

Uniform thickening factor

F d,L :

Legier’s dynamic thickening factor

F d,M :

Modified dynamic thickening factor

h k :

Sensible enthalpy of species k (J/kg)

H :

Total enthalpy (J/kg)

K :

Stretch rate (1/s)

Le :

Lewis number

M k :

Molecular weight of species k (kg/kmol)

\(\vec{n}\) :

Normal vector on the flame surface

p :

Pressure (N/m2)

Pr :

Prandtl number

S L :

Thickened/stretched laminar flame speed (m/s)

S L 0 :

Laminar flame speed (m/s)

S L,0 :

Unstretched laminar flame speed (m/s)

T :

Temperature (K)

u, U :

Flow velocity (m/s)

\(\vec{u}_{f}\) :

Flame moving velocity (m/s)

X k :

Mole fraction of species (k)

Y k :

Mass fraction of species (k)

α :

Thermal diffusivity (m2/s)

β :

Thickened flame model constant

γ :

Modification factor

δ L :

Laminar flame thickness (m)

δ L :

Thickened laminar flame thickness (m)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (kg/m·s)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

σ jk :

Characteristic length (Å)

φ :

Equivalence ratio

\(\dot{\omega}_{k}\) :

Reaction rate of species k (kg/m3·s)

\(\dot{\omega}_{T}\) :

Heat release rate (W/m3)

Ω :

Flame sensor

Ω D :

Collision integral

b :

Burned

ref :

Reference value

u :

Unburned

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (Grant No. 20206710100060, Development of Low NOx Hydrogen Combustor for Distributed Power Generation Gas Turbine; Grant No. 20214000000310, Human Resources Program in Energy Technology).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea

    Minjun Choi, Yong Jea Kim & Dong-hyuk Shin

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  1. Minjun Choi
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  2. Yong Jea Kim
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  3. Dong-hyuk Shin
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Correspondence to Dong-hyuk Shin.

Additional information

Minjun Choi is a Ph.D. candidate of the Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. His research interest includes hydrogen combustion, combustion model, and flame flashback.

Yong Jea Kim is a Postdoctoral Research Associate of the Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. His research interest includes flame dynamics, combustion instability, and gas turbine combustion.

Dong-hyuk Shin is an Associate Professor of the Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. He received his Ph.D. in 2012 from Georgia Institute of Technology. His research interests include computational fluid dynamics, combustion instability, turbulent combustion, and gas turbine combustion.

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Choi, M., Kim, Y.J. & Shin, Dh. Development of a modified dynamic flame thickened model for laminar premixed hydrogen/air flames. J Mech Sci Technol 38, 3769–3790 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-024-0647-2

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