Abstract
This study delivers equations useful for low-height pleated fibrous filter design: two pressure drop equations and one set of optimum design equations applicable to arbitrary pleated filter shapes and flowrates. The pressure drop equations were derived to predict the pressure loss of the pleated filter. They were made through regression analysis with a total of 1024 CFD data. The set of optimum design equations was developed to find the optimum filter shape minimizing pressure drop. All equations were validated through the 8-fold cross-validation method and were accurate enough to replace the CFD simulations. Additionally, novel contour plots were made to describe how optimum filter geometry changes due to flowrate, height, and media permeability. The delivered equations were applied to an actual filter design problem and verified with additional CFD simulations. This study allows filter designers to predict the pressure loss and to design the optimum filter shape without any simulations.
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Abbreviations
- AIC:
-
Akaike information criterion
- CBRN:
-
Chemical biological radiological and nuclear
- CFD:
-
Computational fluid dynamics
- LHS:
-
Latin-hypercube sampling
- MAE:
-
Mean absolute error
- PAPR:
-
Powered air purifying respirator
- RMSE:
-
Root mean square error (= root mean square deviation)
- MAPE:
-
Mean absolute percentage error
- θ:
-
Filter folding angle [rad]
- \(\overline{\overline{\theta}}\) :
-
Dimensionless folding angle for LHS [-]
- ΔP:
-
Overall pressure drop across the filter [Pa]
- ΔPmedia :
-
Pressure drop due to media resistance [Pa]
- ΔPthroat :
-
Pressure drop due to the drag in the pleat spacing [Pa]
- μ:
-
Air dynamic viscosity [kg·m−1·s−1]
- ρ:
-
Air density [kg·m−3]
- h:
-
Filter height [mm]
- L:
-
Length of the filter centerline within half-pitch [mm]
- W:
-
Filter pitch (= pleat width) [mm]
- Woptim :
-
Optimum pitch minimizing pressure drop [mm]
- R:
-
Filter folding radius [mm]
- Roptim :
-
Optimum folding radius minimizing pressure drop [mm]
- Refiber :
-
Fiber Reynolds number [-]
- r2 :
-
Coefficient of determination [-]
- t:
-
Filter media thickness [mm]
- U:
-
Upstream velocity (= inlet velocity for CFD simulation) [m·s−1]
- Vface :
-
Filtration velocity (= face velocity) [m·s−1]
- VR:
-
Media resistance (= reciprocal of media permeability) [m−2]
- B:
-
Breadth of narrow passage made by folding radius [mm]
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This work was supported by the Agency for Defense Development of Korea (UC190034GD).
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Paul Choi received his Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from Kyung Hee University in 2021. He is currently a battery engineer at LG Energy Solution, Ltd. His research is the optimization of the electrode slurry coating process using CFD and programming.
Christian Ariane Santos is a researcher at the Fine Particle Flow Laboratory in Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea. She has a master’s degree in Environmental Engineering.
Min-Kun Kim is a Senior Researcher in the Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, South Korea. He earned his Ph.D. degree in School of Chemical and Biological Engineering from Seoul National University. His current research field is CBRN protection/decontamination engineering.
Do-Young Hong is a Principal Researcher at the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT). He joined the faculty there in 2013. He received his Ph.D. (2006) in chemical engineering from Hanyang University. He then conducted postdoctoral studies in the lab of Prof. C.W. Jones at the Georgia Institute of Technology (2007) and the lab of Prof. A. Bhan at the University of Minnesota (2010). His present research areas are in catalysis for biomass and waste plastics and gas sorption based on organic-inorganic hybrid materials.
Hyunsook Jung is a Principal Researcher in the Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Deajeon, South Korea. She earned her Ph.D. degree in Chemistry from Texas A&M University at College Station.
Junemo Koo is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea. He earned his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from North Carolina State University.
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Choi, P., Santos, C.A., Kim, MK. et al. Pressure drop and optimization meta-models for arbitrary low-height pleated filter shapes and flowrates. J Mech Sci Technol 35, 5007–5022 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-1019-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-1019-9