Abstract
This study investigates the behavior of stabilized Incinerated Bottom Ash (BA) reinforced with fiber when tested under Triaxial conditions. A number of lab-based Unconsolidated Undrained (UU) tests were performed on BA specimens with changing cement content (0–10%) and fiber length (6–18 mm). Cement stabilization enhances shear strength, while fiber inclusion shifts behavior from brittle to ductile. Initially, unconsolidated-undrained strength increases with fiber addition, then decreases. Optimal results were achieved with 0.5% 12 mm fibers and 7% cement, showing a 71.43% strength improvement after 28 days. Prediction of shear strength using a Back Propagation neural network and Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy system yields stronger correlations than regression analysis. The properties of stabilizer and reinforcement on compaction, shear strength, and secant modulus of elasticity (E50) were investigated. PP fiber inclusion enhances shear strength and ductility, with cement content and curing period as dominant factors. Scanning electron microscopy shows stabilizer addition leads to cementitious compounds binding bottom particles, increasing interaction between ash and fiber, thus affecting overall shear strength.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Abdi MR, Ghalandarzadeh A, Shafiei Chafi L (2021) An investigation into the effects of lime on compressive and shear strength characteristics of fiber-reinforced clays. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 13:885–898, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRMGE.2020.11.008
Bai J, Diao Y, Jia C, Liu C, Zhang M, Wang C (2022) A review of advances in triaxial tests: Instruments, test techniques and prospects. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 26(8):3325–3341, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/S12205-022-1345-1
Beyene HD, Werkneh AA, Ambaye TG (2018) Current updates on waste to energy (WtE) technologies: A review. Renewable Energy Focus 24:1–11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.REF.2017.11.001
Cheng Y, Huang X (2022) Application of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash into engineered cementitious composites. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 15:1106–1117, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/S42947-021-00075-5/METRICS
Consoli NC, Thomé A, Donato M, Graham J (2015) Loading tests on compacted soil, bottom-ash and lime layers. Geotechnical Engineering 161(1):29–38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/GENG.2008.161.1.29
Cornelis G, Gerven T Van, Vandecasteele C (2012) Antimony leaching from MSWI bottom ash: Modelling of the effect of pH and carbonation. Waste Manage 32:278–286, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.09.018
De Brauer C, Lupsea-Toader M, Blanc D, Hammoud O (2021) Modélisation géochimique du comportement à la lixiviation des mâchefers d’incinération de déchets non dangereux. Environnement, Ingénierie & Développement N° 85-EID, 40–49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.46298/EID.2021.7696
Dhir RK, Brito J de, Lynn CJ, Silva RV (2018) Case studies and standards. Sustainable Construction Materials 331–390, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100997-0.00009-9
Gandomi AH, Roke DA (2015) Assessment of artificial neural network and genetic programming as predictive tools. Advances in Engineering Software 88:63–72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADVENGSOFT.2015.05.007
Ghosh SK (2016) Sustainable SWM in develo** countries focusing on faster growing economies, India and China. Procedia Environmental Sciences 35:176–184, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.073
Gupta G, Datta M, Ramana GV, Alappat BJ (2021) MSW incineration bottom ash (MIBA) as a substitute to conventional materials in geotechnical applications: A characterization study from India and comparison with literature. Construction and Building Materials, 308, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124925
Hamidian P, Alidoust P, Golafshani EM, Niavol KP, Behnood A (2022) Introduction of a novel evolutionary neural network for evaluating the compressive strength of concretes: A case of Rice Husk Ash concrete. Journal of Building Engineering 61:105293, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOBE.2022.105293
Huynh TP, Ngo SH (2022) Waste incineration bottom ash as a fine aggregate in mortar: An assessment of engineering properties, durability, and microstructure. Journal of Building Engineering 52:104446, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOBE.2022.104446
Jalal FE, Xu Y, Iqbal M, Javed MF, Jamhiri B (2021) Predictive modeling of swell-strength of expansive soils using artificial intelligence approaches: ANN, ANFIS and GEP. Journal of Environmental Management 289:112420, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.112420
Kalbe U, Simon FG (2020) Potential use of incineration bottom ash in construction: Evaluation of the environmental impact. Waste Biomass Valorization 11:7055–7065, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01086-2
Kim J, Tasneem K, Nam BH (2014) Material characterization of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ash as road construction material. Pavement Performance Monitoring, Modeling, and Management, 100–108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784478547.013
Krüger O, Kalbe U, Berger W, Simon FG, Meza SL (2012) Leaching experiments on the release of heavy metals and PAH from soil and waste materials. Journal of Hazardous Materials 207–208:51–55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.016
Kumar S, Deswal S (2022) Comparative assessment of kurukshetra city waste dum** sites using RIAM analysis: A case study. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 154:31–38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-161993-9_4
Kumar S, Singh D (2023a) Prediction of UCS and CBR behavior of fiber-reinforced municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash composites using experimental and machine learning methods. Construction And Building Materials 367:130230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2022.130230
Kumar S, Singh D (2023b) Shear strength evaluation of solid waste incinerator ash-derived composites. Materials Today Communications 37:107446, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MTCOMM.2023.107446
Luo H, Cheng Y, He D, Yang EH (2019) Review of leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash. Science of Total Environment 668:90–103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.004
Ngohpok C, Sata V, Satiennam T, Klungboonkrong P, Chindaprasirt P (2018) Mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and sound absorption of pervious concrete containing recycled concrete and bottom ash aggregates. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 22(4):1369–1376, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-0144-6
Pal S, Shariq M, Abbas H, Pandit AK, Masood A (2020) Strength characteristics and microstructure of hooked-end steel fiber reinforced concrete containing fly ash, bottom ash and their combination. Construction and Building Materials 247:118530, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2020.118530
Pastapure V, Singh D, Kumar S (2022) Engineering behavior of municipal solid waste incinerated bottom ash with the addition of lime. Materials Today Proceedings, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2022.10.112
Ranjan S, Singh D, Kumar S (2022) Kaolinite subgrade strength characteristics variation with RBI Grade 81. Materials Today Proceedings, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2022.10.288
Salahudeen AB, Sadeeq JA, Badamasi A, Onyelowe KC (2020) Prediction of unconfined compressive strength of treated expansive clay using back-propagation artificial neural networks. Nigerian Journal of Engineering 27:45–45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm197611042951917
Singh D, Kumar A (2017) Geo-environmental application of municipal solid waste incinerator ash stabilized with cement. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 9:370–375, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRMGE.2016.11.008
Singh D, Kumar A (2019) Mechanical characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash treated with cement and fiber. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions 4(14):1–7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/S41062-019-0247-7
Sormunen LA, Kaartinen T, Rantsi R (2018) MSWI BA treated with Advanced Dry Recovery: A field scale study on materials’ leaching properties. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 11:261–271, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2018.1444679
Spreadbury CJ, McVay M, Laux SJ, Townsend TG (2021) A field-scale evaluation of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash as a road base material: Considerations for reuse practices. Resour Conserv Recycl 168:105264, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2020.105264
Townsend SW, Spreadbury CJ, Laux SJ, Ferraro CC, Kari R, Townsend TG (2020) Blending as a strategy for reusing municipal solid waste incinerator ash in road-base construction. Journal of Environmental Engineering 146:04020106., DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001788
Xu J, Chang F, Bai J, Liu C (2023) Statistical analysis on the fracture behavior of rubberized steel fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete based on acoustic emission. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 24:8997–9014, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMRT.2023.05.124
Xuan D, Tang P, Poon CS (2018) Limitations and quality upgrading techniques for utilization of MSW incineration bottom ash in engineering applications: A review. Construction and Building Materials 190:1091–1102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.174
Zhang S, Ghouleh Z, Shao Y (2021) Green concrete made from MSWI residues derived eco-cement and bottom ash aggregates. Construction and Building Materials 297:123818, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2021.123818
Zhang W, Zhang R, Wu C, Goh ATC, Lacasse S, Liu Z, Liu H (2020) State-of-the-art review of soft computing applications in underground excavations. Geoscience Frontiers 11:1095–1106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2019.12.003
Acknowledgments
Not Applicable
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, S., Singh, D. Optimizing Shear Strength Performance of Incinerator Bottom Ash Composites Using Neural Networks. KSCE J Civ Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-1302-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-1302-2