Abstract
Rosai–Dorfman–Destombes disease (RDD) is a rare histiocytosis characterized by accumulation of S100 + , CD68 + , and CD1a- histiocytes, with emperipolesis. It occurs predominantly in black adolescents and young adults, but rarely in Japanese children. Recently, oncogenic mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes were reported in 30–50% of patients with RDD, and several studies have described treatment of adult patients with MAPK inhibitors. Here, we present the case of a Japanese boy with refractory RDD without signs of cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome who harbored MAP2K1 p.Lys59del and responded to trametinib. The patient had lymph node, nasal cavity, kidney, upper respiratory tract, and intracranial involvement. RDD progressed after multi-agent chemotherapy, but responded to trametinib (0.025 mg/kg). Trametinib did not eliminate the mass lesions, but trametinib plus minimal prednisolone (0.1 mg/kg) resulted in a good outcome for more than 15 months, without significant adverse effects. MAP2K1 p.Lys59del has been described as a germline mutation in a patient with CFC syndrome, but not as a somatic mutation in patients with malignancies. Trametinib may be a promising drug for children with RDD that is refractory to multi-agent chemotherapy. Its long-term efficacy and safety alone and in combination with chemotherapy should be investigated.
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This study was supported by grants for Practical Research for Innovative Cancer Control from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED; JP23ck0106852).
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New findings: This report highlights the efficacy of trametinib in a pediatric patient with nodal and extra-nodal Rosai–Dorfman–Destombes disease who was refractory to multi-agent chemotherapy. The lesional cells harbored MAP2K1 p.Lys59del, which has so far only been reported as a germline mutation in a patient with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome.
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Taneyama, Y., Morimoto, A., Ochiai, H. et al. Trametinib for a child with refractory Rosai–Dorfman–Destombes disease harboring a novel somatic mutation in MAP2K1. Int J Hematol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-024-03818-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-024-03818-9