Abstract
This work proposes a fast and accurate method based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and aquaphotomics to identify toxic honeys. PLS-DA was used to construct an optimal model for distinguishing toxic honey from a non-toxic honey. The models based on preprocessed NIR spectra have an accuracy of 92.73% and were more accurate than the model based on raw NIR spectra. Based on the aquaphotomics analysis of the first overtone of water (1300–1600 nm), we found that the 1398 nm, 1440 nm, and 1472 nm bands can be used as markers to distinguish toxic honeys. Compared to non-toxic honeys, gelsemium elegans -containing toxic honeys have a significantly smaller number of water molecules with multiple hydrogen bonds, due to the hydrogen bonding of the C–O–C, C = O, and NH2 groups of gelsemine and koumine. These groups replace hydrogen bonds between glucose/polysaccharide molecules and water.
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Data Availability
The datasets analyzed during the current study areavailable from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62005056\61975069), Guang** Natural Science Foundation of China (2021JJB110003), Guangzhou Science and Technology Project (202103000095), Guang** Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2018GXNSFBA050028),the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2020B090922006), Science and Technology Commissioner Project of Guangdong Province (GDKTP2020023100), Project of Guangzhou Academician Workstation (h2020-3–01), and Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province (2020GXNSFBA159008).
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Yuanpeng li, Chuanmei Yang, Yuancui Su and Chengsen Tan designed experiments and wrote the manuscript. Chuanmei Yang collected data on common honey and honey with gelsemium. Yuanpeng li, Hongxia Zhao, and Furong Huang supervised this project. All other authors were involved in the study concept, design, analysis, and interpretation of data, drafting, and revision of the manuscript.
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Wenchang Huang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Lingli Liu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yuancui Su declares that he has no conflict of interest. Chuanmei Yang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Chengsen Tan declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yuanpeng Li declares that he has no conflict of interest. Shan Tu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Siqi Zhu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yongmei Wang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Lihu Wang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Junhui Hu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yuxiang Mo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Hongxia Zhao declares that he has no conflict of interest. Furong Huang declares that he has no conflict of interest.
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Huang, W., Liu, L., Su, Y. et al. Differentiation of Gelsemium elegans-Containing Toxic Honeys and Non-Toxic Honeys by Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Aquaphotomics. Food Anal. Methods 16, 1607–1617 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-023-02525-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-023-02525-1