Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel direct detection method for the characteristic fragrant component 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) in rice by using ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UASE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). No tedious derivatization procedures and toxic solvents were involved in the sample preparation process. 2-AP was extracted with ethanol by UASE from rice samples, and remained good stability within 27 h. By direct injection to UPLC-MS/MS, accurate results were obtained through matrix-matched internal standard calibration. Under optimized conditions, good repeatability (2.8%), reproducibility (7.6%), and recoveries (83.9–108%) were achieved with the limit of detection down to 0.3 μg/kg. The results of 2-AP in 13 rice samples determined by the present method were in the range of 19.4–124.0 μg/kg. The sensitivity and reliability of the developed UASE UPLC-MS/MS method are comparable with previously published SPME GC–MS/MS methods or derivatization-based HPLC–MS/MS method. High analysis throughput, low laboriousness, excellent accuracies, and low toxic solvent consumption are the main characteristics of the newly presented method.
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Funding
This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1603500), the National Natural Science of Foundation of China (Grant No. 21777127 to J. Peng), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China (Grant No. 2020JM-510), the Shaanxi Province Innovation Capability Support Program (Grant No. 2019PT-22), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Safety Monitoring of Food and Drug (Grant No. SXKLFDM202201).
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JP: conceptualization, supervision, writing—review and editing. YZ: methodology, data curation. FL: data analysis. TQ: formal analysis, investigation. YY: sample preparation, investigation. YH: experiment design, procedure control. TL: data curation, UPLC-MS/MS analysis. HZ: review and revision. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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**feng Peng declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yin Zhu declares that she has no conflict of interest. Fang Lin declares that she has no conflict of interest. Tianlong Qi declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yang Yang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Yawei Hu declares that she has no conflict of interest. Tao Li declares that he has no conflict of interest. Hong Zhao declares that he has no conflict of interest.
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Highlights
• Direct determination of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in rice with UPLC-MS/MS.
• 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline is stable within 27 h in ethanol extractant from rice.
• High-throughput sample analysis for 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline with UASE and non-derivatization technique coupled to UPLC-MS/MS.
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Peng, J., Zhu, Y., Lin, F. et al. Direct Determination of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline in Rice by Ultrasound-Assisted Solvent Extraction Coupled with Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Food Anal. Methods 16, 900–908 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-023-02478-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-023-02478-5